Chemosensor devices: voltammetric molecular recognition at solid interfaces

Abstract

This article reviews progress in modifying electrode surfaces with functional organic molecules which act as signalling units upon molecular recognition of a guest molecule or ion. This process triggers a change in the physicochemical properties of the host assembly which can be monitored by an electrochemical response. Topics covered include: molecular recognition in conjugated polymers; molecular recognition in monolayers formed by Langmuir-Blodgett and self assembly techniques; incorporation of recognition sites (‘molecular gates’) in otherwise passivating monolayers; ion channel sensors. Representative redox moieties include: polythiophene and polypyrrole derivatives, paraquat, ferrocene, tetrathiafulvalene, metalloporphyrins, C₆₀, Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺ and Fe(bpy)₂(CN)₂⁰. Issues relevant to the development of practical, commercially-viable sensors are considered.

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