Newly modified TTF and DSDTF donors for developing molecular-based organic metals

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Jun-ichi Yamada, Hiroyuki Nishikawa and Koichi Kikuchi


Abstract

The development of organic metals based on newly modified TTF (tetrathiafulvalene) and DSDTF (diselenadithiafulvalene) donors via the Lewis acid-promoted reactions of organotin compounds with electrophiles is described. The Me3Al-promoted reaction is versatile for construction of 1,3-dichalcogenol-2-ylidene moieties, and the BF3-promoted reaction is utilized to prepare the 1,3-dithiole-2-chalcogenone derivatives condensed with a bis-fused six-membered heterocycle. The use of these reactions enables us to synthesize DHTTF (dihydrotetrathiafulvalene) donors, DHTTF-fused donors, DSDTF donors incorporating the vinylenedithio end group, and TTF donors with an extended periphery by addition of aliphatic heterocycles. The crystal structures of radical-cation salts derived from these π-electron donors, including some new κ-type salts with a 2:1 (donor:anion) stoichiometry, are also disclosed.


References

  1. J. Ferraris, D. O. Cowan, V. Walatka, Jr. and J. H. Perlstein, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 948 CrossRef CAS.
  2. (a) J. M. Williams, A. J. Schultz, U. Geiser, K. D. Carlson, A. M. Kini, H. H. Wang, W.-K. Kwok, M.-H. Whangbo and J. E. Schirber, Science, 1991, 252, 1501 CAS; (b) J. M. Williams, J. R. Ferraro, R. J. Thorn, K. D. Carlson, U. Geiser, H. H. Wang, A. M. Kini and M.-H. Whangbo, Organic Superconductors (Including Fullerenes) Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Theory, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1992 Search PubMed; (c) A. E. Underhill, J. Mater. Chem., 1992, 2, 1 RSC; (d) T. Ishiguro, K. Yamaji and G. Saito, Organic Superconductors, 2ns edn., Springer Ser. Solid-State Sci., vol. 88, ed. P. Fulde, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1998 Search PubMedFor the ET-based superconductor with an organic anion, see: U. Geiser, J. A. Schlueter, H. H. Wang, A. M. Kini, J. M. Williams, P. P. Sche, H. I. Zakowicz, M. L. VanZiele and J. D. Dudek, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 9996 Search PubMedFor the ET-based superconductor containing a magnetic anion, see: (e) M. Kurmoo, A. W. Graham, P. Day, S. J. Coles, M. B. Hursthouse, J. L. Caulfield, J. Singleton, F. J. Pratt, W. Hayes, L. Ducasse and P. Guionneau, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 12209 CrossRef CAS; (f) P. Cassoux, Science, 1996, 272, 1277 CAS; (g) P. Day and M. Kurmoo, J. Mater. Chem., 1997, 7, 1291 RSC.
  3. (a) K. Kikuchi, M. Kikuchi, T. Namiki, K. Saito, I. Ikemoto, K. Murata, T. Ishiguro and K. Kobayashi, Chem. Lett., 1987, 931 CAS; (b) K. Kikuchi, K. Murata, Y. Honda, T. Namiki, K. Saito, K. Kobayashi, T. Ishiguro and I. Ikemoto, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 1987, 56, 2627 Search PubMed; (c) K. Kikuchi, K. Murata, Y. Honda, T. Namiki, K. Saito, T. Ishiguro, K. Kobayashi and I. Ikemoto, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 1987, 56, 3436 Search PubMed; (d) K. Kikuchi, K. Murata, Y. Honda, T. Namiki, K. Saito, H. Anzai, K. Kobayashi, T. Ishiguro and I. Ikemoto, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 1987, 56, 4241 Search PubMed.
  4. (a) G. C. Papavassiliou, G. A. Mousdis, J. S. Zameounis, A. Terzis, A. Hountas, B. Hilti, C. W. Mayer and J. Pfeiffer, Synth. Met., 1988, 27, B379 CrossRef CAS; (b) A. M. Kini, M. A. Beno, D. Son, H. H. Wang, K. D. Carlson, L. C. Porter, U. Welp, B. A. Vogt, J. M. Williams, D. Jung, M. Evain, M.-H. Whangbo, D. L. Overmyer and J. E. Schirber, Solid State Commun., 1989, 69, 503 CrossRef CAS.
  5. H. Tajima, M. Inokuchi, A. Kobayashi, T. Ohta, R. Kato, H. Kobayashi and H. Kuroda, Chem. Lett., 1993, 1235 CAS.
  6. (a) M. Narita and C. U. Pittman, Jr., Synthesis, 1976, 489 CrossRef CAS; (b) M. R. Bryce, Aldrichimica Acta, 1985, 18, 73 Search PubMed; (c) A. Krief, Tetrahedron, 1986, 42, 1209 CrossRef CAS; (d) G. Schukat, A. M. Richter and E. Fanghänel, Sulfur Rep., 1987, 7, 155 Search PubMed; (e) M. R. Bryce, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1991, 20, 355 RSC; (f) J. Garín, Adv. Heterocycl. Chem., 1995, 62, 249 CAS.
  7. (a) T. K. Hansen and J. Becher, Adv. Mater., 1993, 5, 288 CrossRef CAS; (b) M. Adam and K. Müllen, Adv. Mater., 1994, 6, 439 CrossRef; (c) M. R. Bryce, J. Mater. Chem., 1995, 5, 1481 RSC; (d) G. Schukat and E. Fanghänel, Sulfur Rep., 1996, 18, 1 Search PubMed; (e) T. Otsubo, Y. Aso and K. Takimiya, Adv. Mater., 1996, 8, 203 CAS; (f) G. C. Papavassiliou, A. Terzis and P. Delhaes, in Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers, ed. H. S. Nalwa, J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1997, vol. 1, ch. 3 Search PubMed; (g) J. Becher, P. Mork and J. Lau, in Electronic Materials: The Oligomer Approach, eds. K. Müllen and G. Gerhard, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1998, ch. 2 Search PubMed.
  8. (a) Proceedings of ICSM'94, Seoul, Synth. Met., 1995, 69–71 Search PubMed; (b) Proceedings of ICSM'96, Snowbird, Synth. Met., 1997, 84ndash;86 Search PubMed; (c) Proceedings of ICSM'98, Montpellier, Synth. Met., 1999, in the press Search PubMed.
  9. (a) D. O. Cowan, R. McCullough, A. Bailey, K. Lerstrup, D. Talham, D. Herr and M. Mays, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon, 1992, 67, 277 CrossRef CAS; (b) D. E. Herr, M. D. Mays, R. D. McCullough, A. B. Bailey and D. O. Cowan, J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 7006 CrossRef CAS.
  10. (a) M. A. Beno, H. H. Wang, A. M. Kini, K. D. Carlson, U. Geiser, W. K. Kwok, J. E. Thompson, J. M. Williams, J. Ren and M.-H. Whangbo, Inorg. Chem., 1990, 29, 1601 CrossRef CAS; (b) S. Kahlich, D. Schweitzer, I. Heinen, S. E. Lan, B. Nuber, H. J. Keller, K. Winzer and H. W. Helberg, Solid State Commun., 1991, 80, 191 CrossRef CAS.
  11. (a) H. Kobayashi, T. Udagawa, H. Tomita, K. Bun, T. Naito and A. Kobayashi, Chem. Lett., 1993, 1559 CAS; (b) L. K. Montgomery, T. Burgin, J. C. Huffman, J. Ren and M.-H. Whangbo, Physica C, 1994, 219, 490 CrossRef CAS; (c) H. Kobayashi, H. Tomita, T. Naito, H. Tanaka, A. Kobayashi and T. Saito, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 1225 RSC; (d) H. Tanaka, A. Kobayashi, T. Saito, K. Kawano, T. Naito and H. Kobayashi, Adv. Mater., 1996, 8, 812 CrossRef CAS; (e) H. Kobayashi, H. Akutsu, E. Arai, H. Tanaka and A. Kobayashi, Phys. Rev. B, 1997, 56, R8526 CrossRef CAS For the BETS-based superconductor containing mixed magnetic anions, see: H. Kobayashi, A. Sato, E. Arai, H. Akutsu, A. Kobayashi and P. Cassoux, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 12392 Search PubMed.
  12. (a) N. Svenstrup and J. Becher, Synthesis, 1995, 215 CrossRef CAS; (b) K. B. Simonsen, N. Svenstrup, J. Lau, O. Simonsen, P. Mørk, G. J. Kristensen and J. Becher, Synthesis, 1996, 407 CrossRef CAS.
  13. Especially, in the case of the synthesis of DMtSTF [dimethyl(trimethylene) tetraselenafulvalene] and DSDTF derivatives, the separation of the desired donors from the resulting mixture of products is often troublesome. For DMtSTF, see: (a) J. M. Fabre, L. Giral, E. Dupart, C. Coulon, J. P. Manceau and P. Delhaes, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 1477 RSC; (b) K. Kikuchi, K. Yakushi, H. Kuroda, I. Ikemoto and K. Kobayashi, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1985, 125, 345 CASFor DSDTFs, see: (c) K. Kikuchi, T. Namiki, I. Ikemoto and K. Kobayashi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 1472 RSC; (d) K. Kobayashi, K. Kikuchi, T. Namiki and I. Ikemoto, Synth. Met., 1987, 19, 555 CAS; (e) S. Aonuma, Y. Okano, H. Sawa, R. Kato and H. Kobayashi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 1193 RSC.
  14. J. Yamada and Y. Yamamoto, Rev. Heteroatom Chem., 1991, 5, 250 Search PubMed.
  15. J. Yamada, in Recent Research Developments in Organic Chemistry, ed. S. G. Pandalai, Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum, 1999, in the press Search PubMed.
  16. (a) J. Yamada, Y. Amano, S. Takasaki, R. Nakanishi, K. Matsumoto, S. Satoki and H. Anzai, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 1149 CrossRef CAS; (b) J. Yamada, S. Takaski, M. Kobayashi, H. Anzai, N. Tajima, M. Tamura, Y. Nishio and K. Kajita, Chem. Lett., 1995, 1069 CAS; (c) J. Yamada, S. Satoki, S. Mishima, N. Akashi, K. Takahashi, N. Masuda, Y. Nishimoto, S. Takasaki and H. Anzai, J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 3986; (d) J. Yamada, S. Satoki, H. Anzai, K. Hagiya, M. Tamura, Y. Nishio, K. Kajita, E. Watanabe, M. Konno, T. Sato, H. Nishikawa and K. Kikuchi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1996, 1955 RSC; (e) J. Yamada, S. Mishima, N. Akashi, S. Satoki and H. Anzai, Synth. Met., 1997, 86, 1823 CrossRef CAS; (f) J. Yamada, N. Akashi, H. Anzai, M. Tamura, Y. Nishio and K. Kajita, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1997, 296, 53 Search PubMed; (g) J. Yamada, M. Hamasaki, O. Jinih, S. Tanaka, K. Hagiya and H. Anzai, Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 3439 CrossRef CAS.
  17. (a) J. Yamada, Y. Nishimoto, S. Tanaka, R. Nakanishi, K. Hagiya and H. Anzai, Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 9509 CrossRef CAS; (b) J. Yamada, S. Tanaka, J. Segawa, M. Hamasaki, K. Hagiya, H. Anzai, H. Nishikawa, I. Ikemoto and K. Kikuchi, J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 3952 CrossRef CAS.
  18. D. L. Coffen, J. Q. Chambers, D. R. Williams, P. E. Garrett and N. D. Canfield, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 2258 CrossRef CAS.
  19. For examples, see: (a) M. Sallé, A. Gorgues, M. Jubault and Y. Gouriou, Synth. Met., 1991, 41–43, 2575; (b) D. Lorcy, M.-P. L. Paillard and A. Robert, Tetrahedron Lett., 1993, 34, 5289 CrossRef CAS For the conducting complex and salt based on the bis (1,4-dithiafulven-6-yl)-substituted DHTTF, see: M. Sallé, M. Jubault, A. Gorgues, K. Boubekeur, M. Fourmigué, P. Batail and E. Canadell, Chem. Mater., 1993, 5, 1196 Search PubMed.
  20. H. Anzai, J. M. Delrieu, S. Takasaki, S. Nakatsuji and J. Yamada, J. Cryst. Growth, 1995, 154, 145 CrossRef CAS.
  21. K. Kikuchi, H. Nishikawa, T. Sato, I. Sugano, T. Kodama, I. Ikemoto, H. Anzai and J. Yamada, presented at ICSM'98, Montpellier, Synth. Met. 1999, in the press Search PubMed.
  22. R. R. Schumaker and E. M. Engler, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 5519 CrossRef CAS.
  23. (a) Y. Misaki, K. Kawakami, H. Fujiwara, T. Yamabe, T. Mori, H. Mori and S. Tanaka, Chem. Lett., 1995, 1125 CAS; (b) Y. Misaki, H. Fujiwara and S. Tanaka, J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 3650 CrossRef CAS and references cited therein; (c) Y. Misaki, T. Sasaki, T. Ohta, H. Fujiwara and T. Yamabe, Adv. Mater., 1996, 8, 804 CrossRef CAS.
  24. Y. Misaki, N. Higuchi, H. Fujiwara, T. Yamabe, T. Mori, H. Mori and S. Tanaka, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 1222 CrossRef CAS For the revised stoichiometry of this salt, see: Y. Misaki, N. Higuchi, T. Ohta, H. Fujiwara, T. Yamabe, T. Mori, H. Mori and S. Tanaka, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1996, 284, 27 Search PubMed.
  25. J. Yamada, S. Mishima, H. Anzai, M. Tamura, Y. Nishio, K. Kajita, T. Sato, H. Nishikawa, I. Ikemoto and K. Kikuchi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1996, 2517 RSC.
  26. J. Yamada, M. Watanabe, H. Anzai, H. Nishikawa, I. Ikemoto and K. Kikuchi, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1999, 38 Search PubMed in the press.
  27. H. Müller and Y. Ueba, Synthesis, 1993, 853 CrossRef.
  28. K. Kikuchi, H. Nishikawa, I. Ikemoto, S. Maki, H. Anzai and J. Yamada, unpublished results.
  29. H. Urayama, H. Yamachi, G. Saito, S. Sato, A. Kawamoto, J. Tanaka, T. Mori, Y. Maruyama and H. Inokuchi, Chem. Lett., 1988, 463 CAS.
  30. For k-type salts containing other TTF-fused donors with different stoichiometry, see: (a) Y. Misaki, H. Nishikawa, T. Yamabe, T. Mori, H. Inokuchi, H. Mori and S. Tanaka, Chem. Lett., 1993, 1341 CAS; (b) Y. Misaki, H. Nishikawa, K. Kawakami, T. Yamabe, T. Mori, H. Inokuchi, H. Mori and S. Tanaka, Chem. Lett., 1993, 2073 CAS; (c) Y. Misaki, T. Miura, M. Taniguchi, H. Fujiwara, T. Yamabe, T. Mori, H. Mori and S. Tanaka, Adv. Mater., 1997, 9, 714 CAS; (d) H. Fujiwara, Y. Misaki, M. Taniguchi, T. Yamabe, T. Kawamoto, T. Mori, H. Mori and S. Tanaka, J. Mater. Chem., 1998, 8, 1711 RSC.
  31. J. Yamada, R. Oka, H. Anzai, H. Nishikawa, I. Ikemoto and K. Kikuchi, Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 7709 CrossRef CAS.
  32. For non-TTF donors which are designed to form 2D stacks, see: K. Takimiya, Y. Shibata, A. Ohnishi, Y. Aso, T. Otsubo and F. Ogura, J. Mater. Chem., 1995, 5, 1539 Search PubMed and references cited therein.
  33. H. Yamochi, T. Komatsu, N. Matsukawa, G. Saito, T. Mori, M. Kusunoki and K. Sakaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 11319 CrossRef CAS.
  34. H. Kobayashi, A. Kobayashi, T. Nakamura, T. Nogami and Y. Shirota, Chem. Lett., 1987, 559 CAS.
  35. H. Nakano, K. Miyawaki, T. Nogami, Y. Shirota, S. Harada and N. Kasai, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1989, 62, 2604 CAS.
  36. Recently, TMET-STF has been found to produce an ambient-pressure superconductor (TMET-STF)2BF4, see: R. Kato, K. Yamamoto, Y. Okano, H. Tajima and H. Sawa, Chem. Commun., 1997, 947 Search PubMed.
  37. (a) A. Kobayashi, R. Kato, T. Naito and H. Kobayashi, Synth. Met., 1993, 55ndash;57, 2078 CrossRef; (b) M. Inokuchi, H. Tajima, A. Kobayashi, T. Ohta, H. Kuroda, R. Kato, T. Naito and H. Kobayashi, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1995, 68, 547 CAS; (c) T. Naito, H. Kobayashi and A. Kobayashi, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1997, 70, 107 CAS.
  38. H. Nishikawa, T. Sato, T. Kodama, I. Ikemoto, K. Kikuchi, H. Anzai and J. Yamada, J. Mater. Chem., 1999, 9, 693 RSC.
  39. (a) A. I. Kotov, C. Faulmann, P. Cassoux and E. B. Yagubskii, J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 2626 CrossRef CASFor an alternative synthesis of BDDT-TTF and the crystal structure of its I3 salt, see: (b) A. M. Kini, U. Geiser, H.-H. Wang, K. R. Lykke, J. M. Williams and C. F. Campara, J. Mater. Chem., 1995, 5, 1647 RSC.
  40. J. Hellberg, K. Balodis, M. Moge, P. Korall and J.-U. von Schütz, J. Mater. Chem., 1997, 7, 31 RSC.
  41. J. Yamada, S. Tanaka, H. Anzai, T. Sato, H. Nishikawa, I. Ikemoto and K. Kikuchi, J. Mater. Chem., 1997, 7, 1311 RSC.
  42. H. Nishikawa, H. Ishikawa, T. Sato, T. Kodama, I. Ikemoto, K. Kikuchi, S. Tanaka, H. Anzai and J. Yamada, J. Mater. Chem., 1998, 8, 1321 RSC.
  43. H. Nishikawa, H. Ishikawa, T. Sato, T. Kodama, I. Ikemoto, K. Kikuchi, S. Tanaka, H. Anzai and J. Yamada, unpublished results.
  44. For the molecular structure of ET, see: H. Kobayashi, A. Kobayashi, Y. Sasaki, G. Saito and H. Inokuchi, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1986, 59, 301 Search PubMed.
  45. The metallic (DOET)2HSO4, (DOET)2HgBr3, and (DOET)2HgCl3 salts have been quite recently presented at ICSM'98, Montpellier, by A. I. Kotov, L. I. Buravov, S. V. Konovalikhin, O. A. Dyachenko, E. B. Yagubskii, P. Cassoux, J. Akimoto, K. Honda and M. Mizuno, Synth. Met., 1999, in the press Search PubMed.
  46. For the molecular structure of MET, see: A. M. Kini, M. A. Beno and J. M. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 335 Search PubMed.
  47. A detailed study will be reported in the near future.
  48. For an another example, see: M. Ashizawa, M. Aragaki, T. Mori, Y. Misaki and T. Yamabe, Chem. Lett., 1997, 649 Search PubMed.