Behaviour of selenium and tellurium in the presence of various modifiers in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract

The behaviour of selenium and tellurium dissolved in nitric, hydrochloric or perchloric acid and in their mixtures was tested during the atomization process in a graphite tube with a platform. Palladium, magnesium nitrate and their mixture were used as the modifiers. It was found that palladium is a good modifier for selenium only in pure nitric or hydrochloric acid solutions. In perchloric acid and in all mixed media, selenium in the presence of palladium is lost almost completely during the evaporation and drying of the sample. Magnesium nitrate used as modifier is superior to palladium since it thermally stabilizes selenium in all the media investigated up to 1200 °C. A different situation was found for tellurium. Both modifiers protect it in all solutions against losses during the first stages of the atomization process; however, magnesium stabilizes it only to 800 °C whereas palladium is effective up to 1200 °C. If a mixture of both modifiers is used in the determination of selenium and tellurium, then its activity is identical with the activity of the component of the mixture that is the more effective when the components are applied individually as modifier. No effects suggesting a joint action of both components were found. The mechanism of activity of the modifiers tested is discussed.

References

1. L. Zhang, Z.-m. Ni and X.-q. Shan, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1989, 44, 339.
2. M. Veber, K. Cujes and S. Gomiscek, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1994, 9, 285.
3. B. V. L'vov, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1978, 33, 153.
4. B. Welz, G. Bozsai, M. Sperling and B. Radziuk, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1992, 7, 505.
5. A. J. Aller and C. Garcia-Olalla, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1992, 7, 753.
6. M. T. Perez-Corona, M. B. De La Calle-Guntinas, Y. Madrid and C. Camara, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1995, 10, 321.
7. K. Matsumoto, Anal. Sci., 1993, 9, 447.
8. Y. Morishige, K. Hirokawa and K. Yasuda, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1994, 350, 410.
9. F. Laborda, J. Vinuales, J. M. Mir and J. R. Castillo, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1993, 8, 737.
10. X.-Q. Shan and B. Wen, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1995, 10, 791.
11. H. Docekalova, B. Docekal, J. Komarek and I. Novotny, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1991, 6, 661.
12. V. Krivan and M. Kükenwaitz, Fresenius' Z. Anal. Chem., 1989, 342, 692.
13. C. Garcia-Olalla and A. J. Aller, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1992, 259, 295.
14. V. G. Torgov, M. G. Demidova and A. D. Kosolapov, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1998, 53, 846.
15. B. Radziuk and Y. Thomassen, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1992, 7, 397.
16. G. Fox, At. Spectrosc., 1990, 11, 13.
17. M. Ursinyova and M. Hladikova, Chem. Listy, 1998, 92, 495.
18. B. Welz, G. Schlemmer and J. R. Mudakavi, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1992, 7, 1257.
19. M. Y. Shine, Y. C. Chan, J. Mierzwa and M. H. Yang, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1999, 14, 69.
20. B. Welz, G. Schlemmer and J. R. Mudakavi, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1988, 3, 93.
21. B. Welz, G. Schlemmer and J. R. Mudakavi, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1988, 3, 695.
22. L. Pszonicki and A. M. Essed, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw), 1993, 38, 759.
23. L. Pszonicki and J. Dudek, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1999, 14, 1755.