Determination of selenoamino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography-hydraulic high pressure nebulization-atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Abstract

1 Arcs, sparks, low-pressure discharges, furnaces and lasers 1.1 Arcs 1.2 Sparks 1.3 Low-pressure discharges 1.3.1 Glow discharges 1.3.2 Surface-wave magnetoplasma discharges 1.3.3 Fundamental studies 1.4 Furnaces 1.5 Lasers 1.6 Other sources 2 Inductively coupled plasmas 2.1 Fundamental studies 2.2 Sample introduction 2.2.1 Nebulizers 2.2.2 Flow injection 2.2.3 Chromatography 2.2.4 Electrothermal vaporization 2.2.5 Solid sampling procedures 2.2.6 Vapour generation 2.3 Instrumental developments 2.3.1 ICP and other related sources 2.3.2 Spectrometers 2.3.3 Chemometrics and instrument control 3 Microwave induced plasmas 3.1 Fundamental studies 3.2 Instrumentation 3.3 Sample introduction 3.3.1 Liquid nebulization 3.3.2 Thermal vaporization 3.3.3 Chemical vapour generation 3.3.4 Direct analysis of solids 3.4 Chromatography 3.4.1 Instrumentation 3.4.2 Gas chromatography-microwave induced plasma applications 4 Direct current plasmas 5 References

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155. V. Siemens, (Environ. Technol., VTT Chemical Technology, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland). Presented at Ninth Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium, Bath, UK, July 8–10, 1998.
156. V. Siemens and J. Roine, (Environ. Tech., VTT Chem. Technol., 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
157. Y. S. Fung, E. S. F. Cheung and S. L. K. Tsang, Anal. Sci., 1997, 13(Supplement), 379.
158. G. C. Y. Chan and W. T. Chan, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(3), 209.
159. R. J. H. Su, G. C. Allen and P. J. Heard, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(8), 799.
160. G. J. Van Berkel, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(7), 603.
161. W. E. Wentworth, K. Sun, J. Madabushi and S. D. Stearns, (Chem. Dept., Univ. Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5641, USA). Presented at Pittcon.'98, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1–5, 1998.
162. I. I. Stewart and J. W. Olesik, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(9), 843.
163. C. Dubuisson, E. Poussel, J.-M. Mermet and J. L. Todoli, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(1), 63.
164. J. W. Olesik, (Lab. Plasma Spectrochem., Laser Spectrosc. and Mass Spectrom., Dept. Geol. Sci., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210, USA). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
165. J. Horner and G. M. Heiftje, (Dept. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN, USA). Presented at 24th FACSS, Providence, RI, USA, October 26–30, 1997.
166. P. B. Farnsworth and A. Lazar, (BNSN, Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT, USA). Presented at 24th FACSS, Providence, RI, USA, October 26–30, 1997.
167. A. C. Lazar and P. B. Farnsworth, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 3921.
168. M. Cai, D. A. Haydar, A. Montaser and J. Mostaghimi, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1997, 52B(3), 369.
169. Y. J. Li, X. P. Zeng, M. Wang, B. Wu and Y. M. Ni, Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1998, 18(3), 343.
170. G. Feldmann, R. Toukhvatoulline and R. J. Muenchen, (DeFEM, UNIJUI, 987000-000 Ijui RS, Brazil). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
171. S. Nakamura, (Natl. Inst. Materials and Chem. Res., Ibaraki 305, Japan). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
172. S. A. Lehn and G. M. Hieftje, (Dept. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
173. L. S. Milstein, J. W. Waggoner, K. L. Sutton and J. A. Caruso, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA). Presented at Pittcon.'98, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1–5, 1998.
174. J. A. Horner and G. M. Hieftje, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1235.
175. A. Kimura, H. Tao and A. Miyazaki, Bunko Kenkyu, 1998, 47(2), 79.
176. X. Romero, E. Pussel and J. M. Mermet, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1997, 52B(4), 495.
177. S. Gu, H. Ying, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhuang, P. Yang, X. Wang, B. Huang and B. Li, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1997, 52B(11), 1567.
178. J.-M. Mermet, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(5), 419.
179. C. Dubuisson, E. Poussel and J. M. Mermet, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(11), 1265.
180. J.-M. Mermet, Ann. Chim. (Rome), 1997, 87(3–4), 211.
181. B. T. Sturman and P. S. Doidge, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(1), 69.
182. R. F. Browner, R. Cooney, W. Shou and J. Jarrett, (School Chem. and Biochem., Georgia Inst. Technol., Atlanta, GA, USA). Presented at 24th FACSS, Providence, RI, USA, October 26–30, 1997.
183. J. A. McLean, M. G. Minnich, L. A. Iacone, H. Liu and A. Montaser, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(9), 829.
184. J. Hamier and E. D. Salin, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(6), 497.
185. L. B. Allen, P. H. Siitonen and H. C. Thompson Jr., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(8), 735.
186. B. Budic, (Natl. Inst. Chem., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
187. B. Budic, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(9), 869.
188. B. Budic, Acta Chim. Slov., 1997, 44(3), 261.
189. M. Hoenig, H. Docekalova and H. Baeten, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(3), 195.
190. K.-H. Bauer, S. Guzik and B. Welz(Ed.), Possible errors in the use of an ultrasonic spray atomizer in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric (ICP OES) analysis of environmental samples. CANAS '95, Colloq. Anal. Atomspektrosk., Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer, Ueberlingen, Germany, 1996, 341–346.
191. B. Grote, K. D. Ohls and J. Flock, (FMS CETAC, 67575 Eich, Germany). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
192. T. J. Einhauser, T. G. Pieper and B. K. Keppler, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(10), 1173.
193. J. Mora, J. L. Todoli, I. Rico and A. Canals, Analyst (Cambridge, U. K.), 1998, 123(6), 1229.
194. Z. Zhuang, C. Yang, B. Li, P. Yang and X. Wang, Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao, 1997, 18(12), 1939.
195. L. Bordera, J. L. Todoli, J. Mora, A. Canals and V. Hernandis, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69(17), 3578.
196. L. Bordera, J. L. Todoli, J. Mora, A. Canals and V. Hernandis, (Dept. Anal. Chem., Univ. Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
197. J. Yang and J. A. Koropchak, Appl. Spectrosc., 1997, 51(10), 1573.
198. Y. Akemi, (Natl. Food Res. Inst., Minist. Agric., Fish., Ibarakiken, 305, Japan). Presented at 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Elements, Port Douglas, Australia, September 15–19, 1997.
199. T. D. Hettipathirana and D. E. Davey, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(5), 483.
200. M. De Wit and R. Blust, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(6), 515.
201. J. D. Hwang, D. Leong and N. Malekzadeh, (Chevron Research and Technology Co., Richmond, CA 94802, USA). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
202. F. G. Smith, (CETAC Technologies, Omaha, NE, USA). Presented at 25th FACSS, Austin, TX, USA, October 11–15, 1998.
203. A. R. Eastgate, (Glass Expansion, 1323 Romainmotier, Switzerland). Presented at Pittcon.'98, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1–5, 1998.
204. Y. Fu, W. G. Wang, K. J. Xie, Q. R. Zhao and Y. M. Bi, Fenxi Huaxue, 1998, 26(4), 431.
205. I. I. Stewart and J. W. Olesik, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(11), 1249.
206. J.-L. Todoli, J.-M. Mermet, A. Canals and V. Hernandis, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(1), 55.
207. J.-L. Todoli and J.-M. Mermet, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(8), 727.
208. C. Dubuisson, E. Poussel, J. L. Todoli and J. M. Mermet, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 593.
209. A. A. Rocha, N. Miekeley and M. C. M. Bezerra, Cienc.-Tec.-Pet., Sec. Quim., 1997, 1(IV Seminario de Quimica Analitica, 1996), 247.
210. R. I. Botto, (Baytown Chem. Plant, Exxon Chemical Americas, Baytown, TX 77520-2132, USA). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
211. J. Liu, B. Huang and X. Zeng, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1469.
212. O. N. Grebneva and N. M. Kuz'min, J. Anal. Chem. (Transl. of Zh. Anal. Khim.), 1998, 53(5), 398.
213. X. J. Chang, B. L. Gong, Z. X. Su, D. Yang and X. Y. Luo, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 360(6), 736.
214. A. Itoh, K. Iwata, S. Ji, T. Yabutani, C. Kimata, H. Sawatari and H. Haraguchi, Bunseki Kagaku, 1998, 47(2), 109.
215. C. M. Liu, Y. H. Guo, X. L. Zhao and S. Y. Tian, Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1997, 16(2), 78.
216. X. Wang, Z. Zuang, C. Yang and F. Zhyu, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1437.
217. C. M. Liu, Y. H. Guo and X. L. Zhao, Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1997, 17(3), 69.
218. X. Chang, Z. Su, D. Yang, B. Gong, Q. Pu and S. Li, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997, 354, 143.
219. X. Su, J. Ma, L. Liu and H. Shen, Yejin Fenxi, 1997, 17(1), 1.
220. D. Atanasova, V. Stefanova and E. Russeva, Talanta, 1998, 45, 857.
221. H. Liu, B. Hu, X. Yu and Z. Jiang, Wuhan Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban, 1997, 43(2), 150.
222. Q. Pu, Z. Su, Z. Hu, X. Chang and M. Yang, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(4), 249.
223. P. Canada Rudner, A. Garcia de Torres, J. M. Cano Pavon and E. Rodriguez Castellon, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(4), 243.
224. P. C. Rudner, J. M. Cano Pavon, F. Sanchez Rojas and A. Garcia de Torres, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(10), 1167.
225. N. P. Starshinova, I. M. Sedykh, G. I. Tsizin, N. M. Kuz'min and Y. A. Zolotov, Zavod. Lab., 1997, 63(9), 20.
226. O. Vicente, A. Masi, L. Martinez, R. Olsina and E. Marchevsky, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1998, 366(1–3), 201.
227. H. N. Ji, Z. H. Liao, J. M. Sun and Z. C. Jiang, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 360(6), 721.
228. J. F. van Staden, C. J. Rademeyer and S. M. Linsky, S. Afr. J. Chem., 1997, 50(3), 115.
229. G. H. Lee, S. A. Park, K. Song, H. K. Cha, J. Lee and S. C. Lee, Anal. Sci., 1997, 13(Supplement), 27.
230. Y. M. Cho and Y.-N. Pak, Anal. Sci., 1997, 13(Supplement), 41.
231. O. N. Grebneva, N. I. Shchetinina, I. V. Kubrakova, T. F. Kudinova, G. V. Myasoedova and N. M. Kuz'min, J. Anal. Chem. (Transl. of Zh. Anal. Khim.), 1998, 53(1), 79.
232. S. Moyano, J. A. Gasquez, E. Marchevsky, R. Olsina and L. D. Martinez, At. Spectrosc., 1997, 18(5), 152.
233. A. Ono, H. Kondo, T. Uemura and T. Minami, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 79,983 [97 79,983](Cl. G01N21/73), 28 Mar 1997, Appl. 95/256,859, 9 Sep 1995; 5 pp.
234. C. Graeber and H. Berndt, (Inst. Spektrochem. und Angewandte Spektroskopie, 44139 Dortmund, Germany). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
235. J. A. C. Broekaert, Labor Praxis, 1998,(Labor 2000), 60.
236. O. F. X. Donard and J. A. Caruso, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 157.
237. H. R. Dong, L. Huang and J. Y. Dong, Lihua Jianyan, Huaxue Fence, 1997, 33(12), 560.
238. M. Burguera and J. L. Burguera, Talanta, 1997, 44(9), 1581.
239. R. Lobinski, H. Chassaigne and J. Szpunar, Talanta, 1998, 46(2), 271.
240. Z. Zhuang, C. Yang, Y. Tu and X. Wang, (Res. Lab. SEDC Anal. Sci. Mater. Life Process, Dept. Chem., Xiamen Univ., Xiamen 361005, China). Presented at 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Elements, Port Douglas, Australia, September 15–19, 1997.
241. S.-K. Luo and H. Berndt, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 360(5), 545.
242. L. Ebdon, M. Foulkes, K. Fredeen, C. Hanna and K. Sutton, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 859.
243. M. B. Amran, F. Lagarde and M. J. F. Leroy, Mikrochim. Acta, 1997, 127(3–4), 195.
244. N. Ulrich, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1998, 359, 245.
245. A. Guy, P. Jones and S. J. Hill, (Dept. Environ. Sci., Univ. Plymouth, Plymouth, UK PL4 8AA). Presented at Ninth Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium, Bath, UK, July 8–10, 1998.
246. J. J. Harwood and W. Su, J. Chromatogr., A, 1997, 788(1–2), 105.
247. H. Emteborg, G. Bordin and A. R. Rodriguez, Analyst (Cambridge, U. K.), 1998, 123(2), 245.
248. H. Emteborg, M. Johansson, G. Bordin and A. R. Rodriguez, (European Comm.—Joint Res. Centre, Inst. Reference Mater. Measure., 2440 Geel, Belgium). Presented at 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Elements, Port Douglas, Australia, September 15–19, 1997.
249. T. Bantan, R. Milacic and B. Pihlar, Talanta, 1998, 46, 227.
250. R. Milacic, T. Bantan and B. Pihlar, (Dept. Environ. Sci., Jozef Stefan Inst., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia). Presented at 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Elements, Port Douglas, Australia, September 15–19, 1997.
251. R. Milacic, N. Kozuh and B. Mitrovic, (Dept. Environ. Sci., Jozef Stefan Inst., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia). Presented at 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Elements, Port Douglas, Australia, September 15–19, 1997.
252. T. Umemura, R. Kitaguchi and H. Haraguchi, Anal. Chem., 1998, 70, 936.
253. P. Braetter, I. N. Blasco, V. Negretti de Braetter and A. Raab, (Dept. Trace Elements Health and Nutr., Hahn-Meitner-Inst Berlin, Germany). Presented at 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Elements, Port Douglas, Australia, September 15–19, 1997.
254. J. E. Anderson and J. B. Montgomery, (Dept. Chem., Murray State Univ., Murray, KY 42071, USA). Presented at Pittcon.'98, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1–5, 1998.
255. E.-W. Mei, H. Ichihashi and S.-I. Yamasaki, Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao, 1997, 18(8), 1300.
256. X. Tian, Z. Zhuang, B. Chen, C. Yang and X. Wang, (Lab. Anal. Sci. Mater. Life Process, Dept. Chem., Xiamen Univ., Xiamen 361005, China). Presented at 3rd International Symposium on Speciation of Elements, Port Douglas, Australia, September 15–19, 1997.
257. X.-D. Tian, Z.-X. Zhuang, B. Chen and X.-R. Wag, Analyst (Cambridge, U. K.), 1998, 123(5), 899.
258. U. Schaeffer and V. Krivan, Anal. Chem., 1998, 70(3), 482.
259. T. Y. Peng, H. C. Xiong and Z. C. Jiang, Fenxi Kexue Xuebao, 1997, 13(3), 210.
260. T. Y. Peng and Z. C. Jiang, Anal. Sci., 1997, 13(4), 595.
261. T. Y. Peng and Z. C. Jiang, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 360(1), 43.
262. Z. Liao, M. Yang and Z. Jiang, Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1997, 16(4), 32.
263. P. Tianyou and J. Zucheng, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(1), 75.
264. J. Zucheng and P. Tianyou, (Dept. Chem., Wuhan Univ., Wuhan 430072, China). Presented at Pittcon.'98, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1–5, 1998.
265. T. Kumamaru, H. Notake, S. Q. Tao and Y. Okamoto, Anal. Sci., 1997, 13(6), 885.
266. V. Krivan, (Sektion Anal. und Hochstreinigun, Univ. Ulm, Ulm, Germany). Presented at 24th FACSS, Providence, RI, USA, October 26–30, 1997.
267. K. Levine, K. Wagner and B. Jones, (Chem. Dept., Wake Forest Univ., Winston-Salem, NC, USA). Presented at 24th FACSS, Providence, RI, USA, October 26–30, 1997.
268. K. E. Levine, K. Wagner and B. T. Jones, (Dept. Chem., Wake Forest Univ., Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7486, USA). Presented at Pittcon.'98, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1–5, 1998.
269. Y. Okamoto, T. Fujiwara and t. Kumamaru, Anal. Sci., 1997, 13(Supplement), 25.
270. G. De Loos and L. Gras(Delft Univ. Technol., Delft, Netherlands). Presented at 25th FACSS, Austin, TX, USA, October 11–15, 1998.
271. R. E. Russo and X. Mao, Exp. Methods Phys. Sci., 1998, 30(Laser Ablation and Desorption), 375.
272. J. A. C. Broekaert, D. Merten and A. Kehden, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany). Presented at 24th FACSS, Providence, RI, USA, October 26–30, 1997.
273. G. Ploegaerts, H. Baeten and M. Hoenig, Analusis, 1997, 25(9–10), 336.
274. J. Borszeki, P. Halmos and E. Gegus, Can. J. Anal. Sci. Spectrosc., 1997, 42(6), 165.
275. K. Kitagawa, K. Nohara and S. Tsuge, Bunko Kenkyu, 1998, 47(3), 136.
276. V. I. Grishko and V. Karanassios, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1). Presented at 43rd International Conference on Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, McGill Univ., Montreal, PQ, Canada, August 10–13, 1997.
277. V. I. Grishko and V. Karanassios, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1). Presented at 43rd International Conference on Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, McGill Univ., Montreal, PQ, Canada, August 10–13, 1997.
278. V. Karanassios and V. I. Grishko, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
279. V. Karanassios, U.S. US 5,705,787 (Cl. 219-121.52;B23K10/00), 6 Jan 1998, GB Appl. 93/16,742,12 Aug 1993; 58 pp.
280. V. Karanassios and T. Wood, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
281. M. E. Rybak and E. D. Salin, (Dept. Chem., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6). Presented at 43rd International Conference on Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, McGill Univ., Montreal, PQ, Canada, August 10–13, 1997.
282. C. D. Skinner, M. Cazagou, J. Blaise and E. D. Salin, (Dept. Chem., McGill Univ., Montreal, PQ, Canada H3A 2K6). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
283. D. M. Goltz, C. D. Skinner and E. D. Salin, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1139.
284. J. Hamier and E. D. Salin, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 621.
285. J. Hamier and E. D. Salin, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1303.
286. S. Yamada, M. Soma and A. Makino, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,145,568 [ 97,145,568](Cl. G01N1/28), 6 Jun 1997, Appl. 95/310,175, 29 Nov 1995; 5 pp.
287. L. Greib and V. Karanassios, (Guelph-Waterloo Centre Graduate Work Chem., Dept. Chem., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1). Presented at 43rd International Conference on Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, McGill Univ., Montreal, PQ, Canada, August 10–13, 1997.
288. A. Robinson, B. Shepherd and D. Coleman, (170 Chem. Building, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI, USA). Presented at 24th FACSS, Providence, RI, USA, October 26–30, 1997.
289. V. Karanassios and L. Greib, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada). Presented at 24th FACSS, Providence, RI, USA, October 26–30, 1997.
290. V. Karanassios and L. Greib, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
291. P. Yantsh, Zavod. Lab., 1997, 63(5), 59.
292. X. L. Mao, O. v. Borisov and R. E. Russo, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53B(5), 731.
293. X. Mao, W.-T. Chan and R. E. Russo, Appl. Spectrosc., 1997, 51(7), 1047.
294. A. C. Ciocan, X. L. Mao, O. V. Borisov and R. E. Russo, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53B(3), 463.
295. X. L. Mao, A. C. Ciocan and R. E. Russo, Appl. Spectrosc., 1998, 52(7), 913.
296. M. Gagean and J. M. Mermet, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 581.
297. Y. Ishibashi, ISIJ Int., 1997, 37(9), 885.
298. V. Kanicky, J. Musil and J.-M. Mermet, Appl. Spectrosc., 1997, 51(7), 1037.
299. V. Kanicky, I. Novotny, J. Musil and J.-M. Mermet, Appl. Spectrosc., 1997, 51(7), 1042.
300. M. Hemmerlin and J. M. Mermet, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1997, 52B(11), 1687.
301. M. Hemmerlin, J. M. Mermet, M. Bertucci and P. Zydowicz, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1997, 52B(4), 421.
302. S. Vijayalakshmi, P. R. Krishna, T. R. Mahalingam, K. S. Viswanathan, C. K. Mathews, S. G. Kulkarni(Ed.), S. B. Manohar(Ed.) and D. D. Sood(Ed.), Laser vaporization—a novel sampling technique for the introduction of organic solutions into the ICP. NUCAR 95: Proc. Nucl. Radiochem. Symp., Bhabha Atomic Res. Centre, Bombay, India, 1995, 339–340.
303. J. Zhu and T. Howe, (Cetac Technologies, Omaha, NE, USA). Presented at 24th FACSS, Providence, RI, USA, October 26–30, 1997.
304. W. T. Chan and H. H. C. Yip, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69(23), 4872.
305. X.-D. Tian, Z.-X. Zhuang, B. Chen and X.-R. Wang, Analyst (Cambridge, U. K.), 1998, 123(4), 627.
306. R. Rubio, A. Padro and G. Rauret, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997, 353(1), 91.
307. W. Y. Song and X. Y. Hu, Fenxi Huaxue, 1998, 26(1), 64.
308. Y. L. Feng, H. W. Chen, H. Y. Chen and L. C. Tian, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 361(2), 155.
309. A. Takatsu and A. Uchiumi, Analyst (Cambridge, U. K.), 1998, 123(1), 73.
310. W. Liu, C. H. Liu, X. L. Lu, Z. Y. Yao and B. Song, Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1997, 16(3), 90.
311. H. Elfering, J. T. Andersson and K. G. Poll, Analyst (Cambridge, U. K.), 1998, 123(4), 669.
312. Y. Peng, J. Li, L. Liu and Z. Qi, Zhongguo Liangyou Xuebao, 1997, 12(2), 59.
313. H. S. Shin, M.-S. Choi and K.-J. Kim, J. Korean Chem. Soc., 1997, 41(8), 399.
314. I. Brindle, S. Chanvaivit and C. Rigby, (Brock Univ., St. Catharines, ON, Canada). Presented at 25th FACSS, Austin, TX, USA, October 11–15, 1998.
315. J. Libarato, M. Guio, M. Martin and J. Baena, Determination of lead, tin, antimony, and bismuth in steels by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, Comm. Eur. Communities, [Rep.] EUR, EUR 16084, 1997, 1ndash;143.
316. X. Yu, Z. C. Jiang, Z. H. Liao, J. G. Chen and S. Q. Wang, Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi, 1997, 17(6), 394.
317. K. H. Schaller, Anal. Hazard. Subst. Biol. Mater., 1997, 5, 211.
318. A. Lopez Molinero, A. Morales, A. Villareal and J. R. Castillo, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1997, 358(5), 599.
319. A. Lopez-Molinero, M. Benito, Y. Aznar, A. Villareal and J. R. Castillo, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(3), 215.
320. A. Lopez Molinero, A. Villareal, D. Andia, C. Velilla, J. R. Castillo and P. Chamorro, (Dept. Anal. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain). Presented at Ninth Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium, Bath, UK, July 8–10, 1998.
321. M. Cave and J. Wragg, (British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK NG12 5GG). Presented at Ninth Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium, Bath, UK, July 8–10, 1998.
322. A. Lopez-Molinero, R. Batlle, A. Villareal and J. R. Castillo, Quim. Anal. (Barcelona), 1998, 17, 9.
323. X. Yu, J. G. Chen, S. Q. Wang, Z. H. Liao and Z. C. Jiang, Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1998, 17(1), 57.
324. G. Legere, B. French, R. Jong and E. Debrah, (PE-SCIEX, Concord, ON, Canada L4V 4V8). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
325. M. A. Rutzke, (US Plant, Soil and Nutrition Lab., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA). Presented at 43rd International Conference on Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, McGill Univ., Montreal, PQ, Canada, August 10–13, 1997.
326. M. B. Knowles, T. Nham, G. Russell, S. Skujins, C. Webb and A. T. Zander, (Varian Australia Pty. Ltd., Mulgrave, 31703 Victoria, Australia). Presented at Ninth Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium, Bath, UK, July 8–10, 1998.
327. A. Thorne, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(5), 407.
328. M. F. Pimentel, B. de Barros Neto, M. C. Uglulino de Araujo and C. Pasquini, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1997, 52B(14), 2151.
329. D. P. Baldwin and D. S. Zamzow, Talanta, 1997, 45, 229.
330. J. D. Batchelor and B. T. Jones, (Dept. Chem., Wake Forest Univ., Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7486, USA). Presented at Pittcon.'98, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1–5, 1998.
331. W. Branagh, C. Whelan and E. D. Salin, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1997, 12(11), 1307.
332. K. Liu, H. Tan, J. Wei, Y. Pan, T. Huang and Z. Huang, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1455.
333. W. A. Branagh, C. Sartoros and E. D. Salin, Can. J. Anal. Sci. Spectrosc., 1997, 42(5), 130.
334. V. Karanassios, P. J. Drouin and G. A. Spiers, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1149.
335. E. H. van Veen and M. T. C. de Loos-Vollebregt, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53B(5), 639.
336. F. Li and J. Fan, Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1998, 18(3), 325.
337. A. M. C. Davies, Spectrosc. Eur., 1998, 10(4), 28.
338. I. E. Vasilyeva and E. V. Shabanova, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 361(3), 280.
339. D. Svozil, E. H. Evans, P. Worsfold and S. McCabe, (Univ. Plymouth, Plymouth, UK PL4 8AA). Presented at Ninth Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium, Bath, UK, July 8–10, 1998.
340. G. King, D. Sadler and D. Littlejohn, (Dept. Pure and Appl. Chem., Univ. Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK G1 1XL). Presented at Ninth Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium, Bath, UK, July 8–10, 1998.
341. K. R. Betty and C. J. Everall, (General Chem. Branch, Chalk River Lab., AECL, Chalk River, ON, Canada K0J 1J0). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
342. M. Catasus, M. Villanueva, G. Linares, M. V. Mederos, C. Sartoros and E. D. Salin, (Dept. Anal., Inst. Materials and Reagents, Univ. Havana, Havana, Cuba). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
343. A. Marcos, M. Cave and S. J. Hill, (Dept. Environ. Sci., Univ. Plymouth, Plymouth, UK PL4 8AA). Presented at Ninth Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium, Bath, UK, July 8–10, 1998.
344. M. Cave, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(2), 125.
345. A. S. Al-Ammar and R. M. Barnes, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53B, 1583.
346. A. S. Al-Ammar and R. M. Barnes, At. Spectrosc., 1998, 19(1), 18.
347. J. L. M. de Boer, W. van Leeuwen, U. Kohlmeyer and P. M. Breugem, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 360(2), 213.
348. D. Sun, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhuang, S. Gu and X. Wang, Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1998, 18, 194.
349. D. H. Sun, Z. G. Zhang, Z. X. Zhuang, S. Gu and X. R. Wang, Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1998, 18(2), 194.
350. Z. Y. Zhang and S. D. Liu, Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1998, 18(3), 334.
351. K. Ito, F. Masukawa, Q. Mao and T. Hirokawa, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1998, 362, 241.
352. C. Webb, P. V. Wilson and G. Perlis, (Ginzton Res. Center, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA). Presented at Ninth Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium, Bath, UK, July 8–10, 1998.
353. K. J. Fredeen and C. A. Schneider, (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Wilton, CT 06897, USA). Presented at Pittcon.'98, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1–5, 1998.
354. Y. Danzaki, Gijutsubu Gijutsu Kenkyu Hokoku (Tohoku Daigaku Kinzoku Zairyo Kenkyusho), 1997, 17, 81.
355. Y. Danzaki, K. Takada, K. Wagatsuma and M. Oku, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 361(5), 410.
356. Z. Zhang and S. Liu, Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1997, 17(5), 77.
357. D. A. Diver and D. G. Ireland, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 1997, 399(2–3), 414.
358. M. R. Anderson, A. T. Zander, G. Russell and P. V. Wilson, (Varian Assoc., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
359. C. Sartoros, J.-F. Alary, E. D. Salin and J.-M. Mermet, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1997, 52B(13), 1923.
360. L.-X. Sun, K. Danzer and G. Thiel, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1997, 359(2), 143.
361. H. Lahl and G. Henke, Pharmazie, 1997, 52(11), 848.
362. A. Marcos, A. Fisher, G. Rea and S. J. Hill, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(6), 521.
363. Y.-L. Ren, Z.-y. Zhang, Y.-Q. Ren, W. Li, M.-c. Wang and G. Xu, Talanta, 1997, 44, 1823.
364. K. Danzer, K. Florian, J. Hassler, M. Matherny, W. Schron and G. Zaray, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(5), 371.
365. A. E. Croslyn, B. W. Smith and J. D. Winefordner, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 1997, 27(3), 199.
366. Q. Jin, W. Yang, F. Liang, H. Zhang, A. Yu, Y. Cao, J. Zhou and B. Xu, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(5), 377.
367. U. Engel, C. Prokisch, E. Voges, G. M. Hieftje and J. A. C. Broekaert, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(9), 955.
368. E. Timmermans, I. Thomas, J. Jonkers, J. van der Mullen and D. Schram, (Dept. Phys., Eindhoven Univ. Tech., 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands). Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
369. K. Ogura, H. Yamada, Y. Sato and Y. Okamoto, Appl. Spectrosc., 1997, 51(10), 1496.
370. M. Ohata and N. Furuta, (Fac. Sci. and Eng., Dept. Appl. Chem., Chuo Univ., Tokyo, Japan). Presented at 25th FACSS, Austin, TX, USA, October 11–15, 1998.
371. T. Sadi, I. Peres, J. Margot and J. Hubert, (Dept. Phys., Univ. Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada H3C 3J7). Presented at 43rd International Conference on Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, McGill Univ., Montreal, PQ, Canada, August 10–13, 1997.
372. G. Petrov, J. P. Matte, I. Peres, J. Margot, T. Sadi, J. Hubert, L. Alves, J. Loureiro, C. M. Ferreira and V. Guerra, (Chem. Dept., Univ. Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada). Presented at 25th FACSS, Austin, TX, USA, October 11–15, 1998.
373. G. Y. Yao, L. Q. Peng and W. B. Xie, Fenxi Shiyanshi, 1997, 16(3), 54.
374. L.-P. Masse, J. Margot and J. Hubert, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada). Presented at 25th FACSS, Austin, TX, USA, October 11–15, 1998.
375. J. Koch and K. Niemax, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 71.
376. T. M. Spudich and J. W. Carnahan, (Dept. Chem., Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb, IL 60115, USA). Presented at Pittcon.'98, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1–5, 1998.
377. H. Q. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. L. Yuan and Q. H. Jin, Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1997, 17(6), 32.
378. X. L. Yuan, H. Q. Zhang, Z. F. Cui, Z. O. Ti and Q. H. Jin, Fenxi Ceshi Xuebao, 1997, 16(4), 1.
379. H.-Q. Zhang, X.-L. Yuan, F. Liang, S.-P. Liu, L.-W. Zhao and Q.-H. Jin, Chem. Res. Chin. Univ., 1997, 13(2), 126.
380. C. Prokisch and J. A. C. Broekaert, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1109.
381. H. Q. Zhang, X. L. Yuan, X. J. Zhao and Q. H. Jin, Talanta, 1997, 44(9), 1615.
382. A. Besner and J. Hubert, Appl. Spectrosc., 1998, 52(6), 894.
383. M. Ohata and N. Furuta, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(5), 447.
384. M. Seelig, N. H. Bings and J. A. C. Broekaert, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 360(2), 161.
385. K. C. Ng and R. C. Culp, Appl. Spectrosc., 1997, 51(10), 1447.
386. C. Yang, Z. Zhuang, Y. Tu, P. Yang and X. Wang, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1427.
387. O. T. Akinbo and J. W. Carnahan, Appl. Spectrosc., 1998, 52(8), 1079.
388. K. Jankowski, D. Karmasz, L. Starski, A. Ramsza and A. Waszkiewicz, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1997, 52B(12), 1801.
389. K. Jankowski, D. Karmasz, A. Ramsza and E. Reszke, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1997, 52B(12), 1813.
390. H. Lehnert, T. Twiehaus, D. Rieping, W. Buscher and K. Cammann, Analyst (Cambridge, U. K.), 1998, 123(4), 637.
391. Q. H. Jin, H. Q. Zhang, W. J. Yang, Q. Jin and Y. H. Shi, Talanta, 1997, 44(9), 1605.
392. T. Nakahara and Y. Li, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(5), 401.
393. T. Nakahara and N. Takeuchi, Anal. Sci., 1997, 13(Supplement), 13.
394. T. Nakahara and T. Nishida, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 1209.
395. S. Saito, T. Tsugoshi, K. Furuya, Y. Kudo, M. Mishima, H. Takahara, T. Adachi and K. Sakai, Anal. Sci., 1997, 13(Supplement), 21.
396. J. A. C. Broekaert, N. Bings, C. Prokisch and M. Seelig, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 331.
397. T. N. Asp, S. Pedersen-Bjergaard and T. Greibrokk, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 1997, 20(4), 201.
398. A. Wasik, I. R. Pereiro and R. Lobinski, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 867.
399. R. Lobinski and F. C. Adams, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1997, 52B(13), 1865.
400. G. L. Hu, X. R. Wang, P. Y. Yang and B. L. Huang, Fenxi Kexue Xuebao, 1998, 14(2), 170.
401. C. Gerbersmann, M. Heisterkamp, F. C. Adams and J. A. C. Broekaert, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997, 350(3), 273.
402. D. C. Cox, G. Dewalt, M. M. Haugen, R. A. Koyak, R. L. Schmehl, J. Balsinger, P. C. Constant, N. J. Friederich, D. R. Nichols, J. V. Scalera and J. G. Schwemberger, Am. Environ. Lab., 1997, 9(6), 17.
403. V. Lopez-Avila, Y. Liu and W. F. Beckert, J. Chromatogr., A, 1997, 785(1–2), 279.
404. I. Rodriguez Pereiro and R. Lobinski, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1997, 12(12), 1381.
405. I. Rodriguez Pereiro, A. Wasik and R. Lobinski, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(8), 743.
406. I. Rodriguez Pereiro, A. Wasik and R. Lobinski, J. Chromatogr., A, 1998, 795(2), 395.
407. I. Rodriguez Pereiro, A. Wasik and R. Lobinski, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw), 1997, 42(6), 799.
408. I. Rodriguez Pereiro, V. O. Schmitt and R. Lobinski, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69(23), 4799.
409. V. O. Schmitt, J. Szpunar, O. F. X. Donard and R. Lobinski, Can. J. Anal. Sci. Spectrosc., 1997, 42(2), 41.
410. W. Frech, J. P. Snell and R. E. Sturgeon, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13(12), 1347.
411. B. Rosenkranz, J. Bettmer, W. Buscher, C. Breer and K. Cammann, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 1997, 11(9), 721.
412. J. Snell, J. Qian, M. Johansson, K. Smit and W. Frech, Analyst (Cambridge, U. K.), 1998, 123(5), 905.
413. E. D. Lykissa, S. V. Kala, J. B. Hurley and R. M. Lebovitz, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 4912.
414. S. Slaets, F. Laturnus and F. C. Adams, [Micro- and Trace Anal. Centre, Univ. Antwerp (UIA), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium]. Presented at 1998 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, January 5–10, 1998.
415. L. Lavoie and P. C. Uden, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA). Presented at 24th FACSS, Providence, RI, USA, October 26–30, 1997.
416. G. N. Coleman, D. E. Miller and R. W. Starek, Am. Lab. (Shelton, Conn.), 1998, 30(4), 33R.
417. R. Danielsson, L. R. Petersson and A. Frank, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997, 354(1–3), 211.
418. M. Pavlovic and M. Marinkovic, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1998, 53, 81.
419. G. H. Chen and H. W. Sun, Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi, 1997, 17(6), 49.
420. Y. M. Issa and S. K. Mohamed, Quim. Anal. (Barcelona), 1997, 16(Suppl. 1), 95.