A calculation method based on isotope ratios for the determination of dead time and its uncertainty in ICP-MS and application of the method to investigating some features of a continuous dynode multiplier

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Andrea Held and Philip D. P. Taylor


Abstract

A method for the determination of dead time (and its uncertainty) of the ion-counting detection system of ICP-MS instruments is presented. It is based on isotope ratio measurements, which are more precise than ion current measurements and will result in values for the dead time with a measurable uncertainty. The suggested method allows us to estimate the uncertainty associated with the dead time. Typical relative uncertainties of the dead time values were found to be in the range of 10-20%.


References

  1. J. M. Hayes and D. A. Schoeller, Anal. Chem., 1977, 49, 306 CrossRef CAS.
  2. F. Vanhaecke, G. de Wannemacker, L. Moens, R. Dams, Ch. Latkoczy, T. Prohaska and G. Stingeder, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1998, 13, 567 RSC.
  3. S. R. Koirtyohann, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1994, 49, 1305 CrossRef.
  4. P. G. Russ and J. M. Bazan, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1987, 42, 49 CrossRef.
  5. A. G. Adriaens, W. R. Kelly and F. C. Adams, Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 660 CrossRef CAS.
  6. A. A. van Heuzen, T. Hoekstra and B. van Wingerden, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1989, 4, 483 RSC.
  7. I. S. Begley and B. L. Sharp, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1997, 12, 395 RSC.
  8. J. M. Hayes, D. E. Matthews and D. A. Schoeller, Anal. Chem., 1978, 50, 25 CrossRef CAS.
  9. Y. A. Liu and R. H. Fleming, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1993, 64, 1661 CrossRef CAS.
  10. A. J. Fahey, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1998, 69, 1282 CrossRef CAS.
  11. J. I. Garcia Alonso, F. Sena, Ph. Arbore, M. Betti and L. Koch, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1995, 10, 381 RSC.
  12. Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland, 1st edn., 1993 Search PubMed.
  13. Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement, EURACHEM Working Group on Uncertainties in Chemical Measurement, Teddington, UK, 1st edn., 1995 Search PubMed.
  14. Channeltron®; Electron Multiplier Handbook for Mass Spectrometry Applications, Galileo Electro-Optic Corporation, Sturbridge, MA, USA, 1991 Search PubMed.
  15. E. A. Kurz, Am. Lab., March 1979, 67 Search PubMed.
  16. G. F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Sussex, UK, 1979, pp. 95–103 Search PubMed.
  17. J. A. Williamson, M. W. Kendall-Tobias, M. Buhl and M. Seibert, Anal. Chem., 1988, 60, 2198 CrossRef CAS.
  18. J. W. Müller, Nucl. Instrum. Meth., 1973, 112, 47–57 Search PubMed.
  19. J. D. Ingle and S. R. Crouch, Anal. Chem., 1972, 44, 777 CrossRef CAS.
  20. T. Stephan, J. Zehnpfennig and A. Benninghoven, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 1994, A12, 405 Search PubMed.
  21. S. K. Srinivasan, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 1978, 11, 2333 CrossRef.
  22. K. Doerffel, Statistik in der analytischen Chemie, Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, Germany, 1990, pp. 159–164 Search PubMed.
  23. P. R. Bevington, Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, USA, 1969, p. 98 Search PubMed.
  24. P. D. P. Taylor, P. De Bièvre, A. J. Walder and A. Entwistle, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1995, 10, 395 RSC.
  25. E. Zinner, A. J. Fahey and K. D. McKeegan, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys., 1986, 44(Second. Ion Mass Spectrom., SIMS S), 170 Search PubMed.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.