Reactivity of hydroxo complexes of palladium(II) towards nitriles: formation of carboxamide and imino ether derivatives of palladium(II)

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

José Ruiz, Natalia Cutillas, Venancio Rodríguez, José Sampedro, Gregorio López, Penny A. Chaloner and Peter B. Hitchcock


Abstract

The binuclear hydroxo complexes [Pd2(C,N)2(µ-OH)2] [C,N = 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl (dmba) or 2-(phenylazo)phenyl (az)] have been prepared by addition of 2 equivalents of NBu4OH to the corresponding di-µ-acetate complexes in acetone. The reactions of both hydroxo complexes with a number of nitriles, RCN, led to the formation of the carboxamide complexes [Pd2(C,N)2(µ-N[hair space]HC(R)O)2] (R = Me, Ph or CH2[double bond, length half m-dash]CH) as well as the succinonitrile derivatives [(C,N)Pd{N[hair space]HC(O)CH2CH2C(O)N[hair space]H}Pd(C,N)]. The complexes [Pd2(C,N)2(µ-NHC(Me)O)2] can also be prepared by reaction of [Pd2(C,N)2(µ-OH)2] with acetamide. The hydroxo complex [Pd2(C6F5)4(µ-OH)2]2– reacted with nitriles in methanol or ethanol to give the imino ether complexes [Pd(C6F5)2{NH[double bond, length half m-dash]C(OR′)R}2] (R = Ph, R′ = Me or Et; R = Me, R′ = Me or Et) which in acetone solution are present as mixtures of EE, EZ and ZZ isomers. Similar reactions with 2-cyanopyridine and succinonitrile gave [Pd(C6F5)2{NC5H4C(OR′)NH-2}] and [Pd(C6F5)2{NHC(OR′)CH2CH2NH(OR′)}] (R′ = Me or Et) and the reaction with 2-cyanopyridine in acetone yielded [Pd(C6F5)2{NC5H4C([double bond, length half m-dash]O)NH-2}]. The crystal structures of [Pd2(dmba)2(µ-NHC(Ph)O)2] and [Pd(C6F5)2{NH[double bond, length half m-dash]C(OMe)Me}2] have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.


References

  1. B. N. Storhoff and H. C. Lewis, Coord. Chem. Rev., 1977, 23, 1 CrossRef CAS.
  2. L. Maresca, G. Natile, F. P. Intini and F. Gasparrini, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 1180 CrossRef CAS.
  3. I. I. Creaser, J. M. Harrowfield, F. R. Keene and A. M. Sargeson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 3559 CrossRef CAS.
  4. R. J. Balahura and W. L. Purcell, Inorg. Chem., 1981, 20, 4159 CrossRef CAS; R. L. De la Vega, W. R. Ellis and W. L. Purcell, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1983, 68, 97 CrossRef.
  5. F. D. Rochon, P. C. Kong and R. Melanson, Inorg. Chem., 1990, 29, 1352 CrossRef CAS.
  6. F. P. Intini, M. Lanfranchi, G. Natile, C. Pacifico and A. Tiripicchio, Inorg. Chem., 1996, 35, 1715 CrossRef CAS.
  7. R. Cini, F. P. Fanizzi, F. P. Intini and G. Natile, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 7807.
  8. R. Cini, F. P. Fanizzi, F. P. Intini, L. Maresca and G. Natile, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 5123 CrossRef CAS.
  9. D. P. Fairlie, W. G. Jackson, B. W. Skelton, H. Wen, A. H. White, W. A. Wckramasinghe, T. C. Woon and H. Taube, Inorg. Chem., 1997, 36, 1020 CrossRef CAS.
  10. P. Paul and K. Nag, Inorg. Chem., 1987, 26, 1586 CrossRef CAS.
  11. F. P. Fanizzi, F. P. Intini and G. Natile, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1989, 947 RSC.
  12. J. M. Casas, M. H. Chisholm, M. V. Sicilia and W. E. Streib, Polyhedron, 1991, 10, 1573 CrossRef CAS.
  13. R. Cini, P. A. Caputo, F. P. Intini and G. Natile, Inorg. Chem., 1995, 34, 1130 CrossRef CAS.
  14. R. Bertani, M. Gotti, R. A. Michelin and M. Mozzon, Organometallics, 1996, 15, 1236 CrossRef CAS.
  15. D. Carmona, J. Ferrer, F. J. Lahoz and L. A. Oro, Organometallics, 1996, 15, 5175 CrossRef CAS.
  16. K. A. Hoffmann and G. Bugge, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1908, 41, 312 CrossRef CAS.
  17. N. V. Kaminskaia and N. M. Kostic, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1996, 3677 RSC and refs. therein.
  18. H. Jin, I. M. Turner, jun., M. J. Nelson, R. J. Gurbiel, P. E. Doan and B. M. Hoffman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 5290 CrossRef CAS.
  19. J. Honda, H. Kandori, T. Okada, T. Nagamune, Y. Scichida, H. Sasabe and I. Endo, Biochemistry, 1994, 33, 3577 CrossRef CAS.
  20. M. Coluccia, A. Nassi, F. Loseto, A. Boccarelli, M. A. Mariggio, D. Giordano, F. P. Intini, P. Caputo and G. Natile, J. Med. Chem., 1993, 36, 510 CrossRef CAS.
  21. (a) C. de Haro, G. García, G. Sánchez and G. López, J. Chem. Res., 1986, (S) 119 Search PubMed; (b)J. Chem. Res., 1986, (M)1128 Search PubMed; (b) G. López, G. García, M. D. Santana, G. Sánchez, J. Ruiz, J. A. Hermoso, A. Vegas and M. Martínez-Ripoll, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1990, 1621 RSC; (c) G. López, J. Ruiz, G. García, J. M. Martí, G. Sánchez and J. García, J. Organomet. Chem., 1991, 412, 435 CrossRef CAS; (d) G. López, G. García, G. Sánchez, N. Cutillas, J. García and M. D. Santana, An. Quim., 1991, 87, 714 Search PubMed.
  22. G. López, G. García, G. Sánchez, C. de Haro, M. D. Santana, J. Casabó, M. Caldés, M. Mejías, E. Molins and C. Miravitlles, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1991, 3311 RSC.
  23. G. López, G. García, J. Ruiz, G. Sánchez, J. García and C. Vicente, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 1045 RSC.
  24. G. López, G. García, G. Sánchez, J. García, J. Ruiz, J. A. Hermoso, A. Vegas and M. Martínez-Ripoll, Inorg. Chem., 1992, 31, 1518 CrossRef CAS.
  25. G. López, J. Ruiz, G. García, C. Vicente, J. Casabó, E. Molins and C. Miravitlles, Inorg. Chem., 1991, 30, 2605 CrossRef CAS.
  26. G. López, J. Ruiz, G. García, C. Vicente, J. M. Martí, J. A. Hermoso, A. Vegas and M. Martínez-Ripoll, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1992, 53 RSC.
  27. G. López, G. Sánchez, G. García, J. Ruiz, J. García, M. Martínez-Ripoll, A. Vegas and J. A. Hermoso, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1991, 30, 716 CrossRef.
  28. B. N. Cockburn, D. V. Howe, T. Keating, B. F. G. Johnson and J. Lewis, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1973, 405 Search PubMed.
  29. J. M. Thomson and R. F. Heck, J. Org. Chem., 1975, 40, 2267 CrossRef.
  30. P. J. Chung, H. Suzuki, Y. Moro-oka and T. Ikawa, Chem. Lett., 1980, 63 CAS.
  31. H. E. Bryndza and W. Tam, Chem. Rev., 1988, 88, 1163 CrossRef CAS.
  32. E. Carmona, M. J. Marín, P. Palma, M. Paneque and M. L. Poveda, Inorg. Chem., 1989, 28, 1985.
  33. R. Mason and D. R. Russell, Chem. Commun., 1966, 26 RSC.
  34. A. J. Deeming, M. N. Mean, P. J. Bates and M. B. Hursthouse, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1988, 2193 RSC.
  35. A. Erxleben, I. Mutikainen and B. Lippert, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1994, 3667 RSC.
  36. H. Adams, N. Bailey, T. N. Briggs, J. A. McCleverty, H. M. Colquhoun and D. J. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1986, 813 RSC.
  37. Y. Zhou, B. Wagner, K. Polborn, K. Sünkel and W. Beck, Z. Naturforsch., Teil B, 1994, 49, 1193 CAS.
  38. P. L. Alsters, H. T. Teunisson, J. Boersma, A. L. Soek and G. van Koten, Organometallics, 1993, 12, 4691 CrossRef CAS.
  39. G. D. Fallon and B. M. Gatehouse, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1974, 1632 RSC.
  40. A. J. Deeming, I. P. Rothwell, M. B. Hursthouse and L. New, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1978, 1490 RSC.
  41. L. R. Falvello, S. Fernández, R. Navarro and E. P. Urrolabitia, Inorg. Chem., 1996, 35, 3064 CrossRef CAS.
  42. J. Ruiz, C. Vicente, J. M. Martí, N. Cutillas, G. García and G. López, J. Organomet. Chem., 1993, 460, 241 CrossRef CAS.
  43. G. López, J. Ruiz, G. García, C. Vicente, V. Rodríguez, G. Sánchez, J. A. Hermoso and M. Martínez-Ripoll, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1992, 1681 RSC.
  44. J. Ruiz, M. T. Martínez, C. Vicente, G. García, G. López, P. A. Chaloner and Hitchcock, Organometallics, 1993, 30, 12.
  45. G. Sánchez, F. Ruiz, M. D. Santana, G. García, G. López, J. A. Hermoso and M. Martínez-Ripoll, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1994, 19 RSC.
  46. G. López, J. Ruiz, C. Vicente, J. M. Martí, G. García, P. A. Chaloner, P. B. Hitchcock and R. M. Harrison, Organometallics, 1992, 11, 4091.
  47. D. A. Long and D. Steel, Spectrochim. Acta, 1963, 19, 1955 CrossRef CAS.
  48. E. Maslowiski, Vibrational Spectra of Organometallic Compounds, Wiley, New York, 1977, p. 437 Search PubMed.
  49. R. M. Silverstein, G. C. Bassler and T. C. Morrill, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, Wiley, New York, 1981 Search PubMed.
  50. F. P. Fanizzi, F. P. Intini and G. Natile, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1989, 947 RSC.
  51. R. G. Miller, R. D. Stauffer, D. R. Fahey and D. R. Parnell, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1970, 92, 1511 CrossRef CAS.
  52. D. R. Fahey, J. Organomet. Chem., 1973, 57, 385 CrossRef CAS.
  53. M. Wada and T. Shimohigashi, Inorg. Chem., 1976, 15, 954 CrossRef CAS.
  54. W. J. Geary, Coord. Chem. Rev., 1971, 7, 81 CrossRef CAS.
  55. E. W. Abel, K. G. Orrell, A. G. Osborne, H. M. Pain, V. Sik, M. B. Hursthouse and K. M. A. Malik, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1994, 3441 RSC.
  56. J. A. Casares, J. M. Martínez-Ilarduya and Y.-S. Lin, Organometallics, 1997, 16, 770 CrossRef CAS.
  57. Enraf-Nonius CAD4 Software, Version 5.0, Enraf-Nonius, Delft, 1989.
  58. G. M. Sheldrick, SHELXS 86, Program for Solution of Crystal Structures, University of Göttingen, 1986.
  59. G. M. Sheldrick, SHELXL 93, Program for Crystal Structure Refinement, University of Göttingen, 1993.
  60. D. J. Watkin and L. J. Pearce, CAMERON, An Interactive Graphics Editor, University of Oxford, 1993.