Abinitio determination of the induced ring current in aromatic molecules

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Jonas Juse′lius and Dage Sundholm


Abstract

The aromatic ring current shieldings (ARCS) approach is a new method to determine the strength of the induced ring current which is related to the molecular aromaticity. In the ARCS method, the strength of the induced aromatic ring current and the size of the current ring are obtained from nuclear magnetic shieldings calculated in discrete points along a line perpendicular to the molecular plane starting at the center of the molecule. The induced ring currents are used to determine the relative degree of aromaticity for benzene, furan, pyrrole, cyclohexane, cyclohexadiene, thiophen, p-benzoquinone, cyclopentadienide anion, cycloheptatrienyl cation, 1,4-dihydronaphthalene, and prophin.


References

  1. G. M. Badger, Aromatic Character and Aromaticity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1969 Search PubMed.
  2. T. H. Lowry and K. Schueller Richardson, Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry, Harper Collins Publishers, New York, 1987 Search PubMed.
  3. F. London, J. Phys. Radium, 1937, 8, 397 Search PubMed.
  4. L. Pauling, J. Chem. Phys., 1936, 4, 673 CrossRef CAS.
  5. W. Kutzelnigg, Ch. v. Wüllen, U. Fleischer, R. Franke and T. v. Mourik, in Nuclear Magnetic Shieldings and Molecular Structure, ed. J. A. Tossell, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1993, p. 141–161 Search PubMed.
  6. U. Fleischer, W. Kutzelnigg, P. Lazzeretti and V. Mühlenkamp, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 5298 CrossRef CAS.
  7. J. A. Elvidge and L. M. Jackman, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 859 RSC.
  8. R. J. Abraham, R. C. Sheppard, W. A. Thomas and S. Turner, Chem. Commun., 1965, 43 RSC.
  9. P. von R. Schleyer, C. Maerker, A. Dransfeld, H. Jiao and N. J. R. van Eikema Hommes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 6317 CrossRef CAS.
  10. G. Subramanian, P. von R. Schleyer and H. Jiao, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1996, 35, 2638 CrossRef.
  11. M. Bühl, Chem. Eur. J., 1998, 4, 734 CrossRef CAS.
  12. A. Julg and P. François, Theor. Chim. Acta, 1967, 8, 249 CrossRef CAS.
  13. C. W. Bird, Tetrahedron, 1985, 41, 1409 CrossRef CAS.
  14. K. Jug and A. Köster, J. Phys. Org. Chem., 1991, 4, 163 CAS.
  15. V. I. Minkin, M. N. Glukhovtsev and B. Ya. Simkin, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity—Electronic and Structural Aspects, Wiley, New York, 1994 Search PubMed.
  16. P. von R. Schleyer, P. K. Freeman, H. Jiao and B. Goldfuss, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1995, 34, 337 CrossRef CAS.
  17. H. Jiao, P. von R. Schleyer and M. N. Glukhovtsev, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 110, 12299 CrossRef.
  18. P. von R. Schleyer and H. Jiao, Pure Appl. Chem., 1996, 28, 209.
  19. I. Černušák, P. W. Fowler and E. Steiner, Mol. Phys., 1997, 91, 401 CrossRef CAS.
  20. R. Zanasi and P. Lazzeretti, Mol. Phys., 1997, 92, 609 CrossRef CAS.
  21. M. K. Cyrański, T. M. Krygowski, M. Wisiorowski, N. J. R. van Eikema Hommes and P. von R. Schleyer, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1998, 37, 177 CrossRef CAS.
  22. G. Arfken, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, Academic Press, Orlando, 1985 Search PubMed.
  23. K. Eichkorn, O. Treutler, H. Öhm, M. Häser and R. Ahlrichs, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1995, 240, 283 CrossRef CAS.
  24. S. H. Vosko, L. Wilk and M. Nusair, Can. J. Phys., 1980, 58, 1200 CrossRef CAS.
  25. J. P. Perdew, Phys. Rev. B, 1986, 33, 8822 CrossRef.
  26. A. D. Becke, Phys. Rev. B, 1988, 38, 3098 CrossRef CAS.
  27. R. Ahlrichs, M. Bär, M. Häser, H. Horn and C. Kölmel, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1989, 162, 165 CrossRef CAS.
  28. M. Häser, R. Ahlrichs, H. P. Baron, P. Weis and H. Horn, Theor. Chim. Acta, 1992, 83, 551.
  29. H. Hameka, Mol. Phys., 1958, 1, 203 CAS.
  30. R. Ditchfield, Mol. Phys., 1974, 27, 789 CAS.
  31. K. Wolinski, J. F. Hinton and P. Pulay, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 8251 CrossRef CAS.
  32. A. Schäfer, H. Horn and R. Ahlrichs, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 2571 CrossRef.
  33. T. H. Dunning, Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 1007 CrossRef CAS.
  34. www.chem.helsinki.fi/~sundholm/qc/arcs/structures/.
  35. M. Kollwitz and J. Gauss, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1996, 260, 639 CrossRef CAS.
  36. M. Kollwitz, M. Häser and J. Gauss, J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 108, 8295 CrossRef CAS.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.