Sono-electrosynthesis: electrode depassivation and trapping of insoluble redox products

Abstract

The electrosynthesis of water-insoluble products such as leuco-Methylene Green from soluble precursors can be accomplished using an emulsion formed via insonation so that the organic phase constantly extracts the product and simultaneously prevents the electrode passivation which would occur in aqueous solution alone.

References

1. D. J. Walton and S. S. Phull, Adv. Sonochem., 1996, 4, 205.
2. R. G. Compton, J. C. Eklund and F. Marken, Electroanalysis, 1997, 7, 509.
3. F. Marken, R. P. Akkermans and R. G. Compton, J. Electroanal. Chem., 1996, 415, 55.
4. J. Klima, C. Bernard and C. Degrand, J. Electroanal. Chem., 1995, 399, 147.
5. R. G. Compton, J. C. Eklund, S. D. Page, G. H. W. Sanders and J. Booth, J. Phys. Chem., 1994, 98, 12410.
6. F. Marken, R. G. Compton, S. D. Bull and S. G. Davies, Chem. Commun., 1997, 995.
7. F. Marken and R. G. Compton, Electrochim. Acta, 1998, 43, 2157.
8. Q. Chi and S. Dong, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1994, 285, 125.
9. Y. Zhu and S. Dong, Electrochim. Acta, 1990, 35, 1139.
10. D.-M. Zhou, H.-Q. Fang, H.-Y. Chen, H.-X. Ju and Y. Wang, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1996, 329, 41.
11. L. M. Dané, L. J. J. Janssen and J. G. Hoogland, Electrochim. Acta, 1968, 13, 507.
12. Y. A. Yaraliyev, Electrochim. Acta, 1984, 29, 1213.
13. Y. Chen, H. Zhang and B. Wu, J. Electroanal. Chem., 1992, 335, 321.
14. T. J. Mason, J. P. Lorimer and D. M. Bates, Ultrasonics, 1992, 30, 140.
15. M. A. Margulis and A. N. Mal'tsev, Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1969, 43, 592.
16. F. Marken and R. G. Compton, Ultrason. Sonochem., 1996, 2, S131.
17. R. G. Compton, J. C. Eklund and S. D. Page, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 4211.
18. A. T. Vartanyan, Opt. Spektrosk., 1956, 1, 478.
19. S. Swathirajan and S. Bruckenstein, J. Electroanal. Chem., 1980, 112, 25.
20. S. Schweizer, J. F. Rusling and Q. Huang, Chemosphere, 1994, 28, 961.