Theory of analyte extraction by selected porous polymer SPME fibres†

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Tadeusz Górecki, Xiaomei Yu and Janusz Pawliszyn


Abstract

Extraction of analytes by the new porous polymer solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibres is based on adsorption rather than absorption. The equilibrium theory developed for the liquid poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating does not apply to these coatings. The paper presents theoretical description of the extraction process for adsorption-type fibres, including PDMS–DVB (divinyl benzene), Carbowax–DVB and Carbowax–TR (template resin). The model is based on Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Expressions describing the amount of analyte extracted by the fibre in two- and three-phase systems are presented and discussed. The effect of selected experimental variables is discussed. In general, there is a non-linear dependence between the amount of an analyte extracted by the fibre and its concentration in a sample. The dependence can be approximated by a straight line for low concentrations only. Matrix composition can significantly affect the amount extracted. Interferences co-extracted with the analyte of interest may reduce the amount extracted and the quasi-linear range of the response. Great care should be exercised therefore when performing quantitative analysis with porous polymer SPME fibres. The phenomena discussed are illustrated on an example of benzene and 4-methyl-2-pentanone extraction from water by PDMS–DVB and Carbowax–DVB fibres.


References

  1. C. L. Arthur, L. M. Killam, S. Motlagh, M. Lim, D. W. Potter and J. Pawliszyn, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1992, 26, 979 CAS.
  2. B. L. Wittkamp and D. C. Tilotta, Anal.Chem., 1995, 67, 600 CrossRef CAS.
  3. C. L. Arthur, K. Pratt, S. Motlagh, J. Pawliszyn and R. P. Belardi, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 741 CAS.
  4. J. J. Langenfeld, S. B. Hawthorne and D. J. Miller, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 144 CrossRef CAS.
  5. T. Nilsson, F. Ferrari and S. Facchetti, Proc. 18th Int. Symp. on Capillary Chrom., Hüthig Verlag, Germany, Riva del Garda, 1996, p. 618 Search PubMed.
  6. D. Potter and J. Pawliszyn, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1994, 28, 298 CAS.
  7. A. A. Boyd-Boland and J. Pawliszyn, J. Chromatogr., 1995, 704, 163 CrossRef CAS.
  8. R. Eisert, K. Levsen and G. Wuensch, J. Chromatogr., 1994, 683, 175 CrossRef CAS.
  9. P. Popp, K. Kalbitz and G. Oppermann, J. Chromatogr., 1994, 687, 133 CrossRef CAS.
  10. X. Lee, T. Kumazawa, T. Taguchi, K. Sato and O. Suzuki, Hochudoku, 1995, 13, 122 Search PubMed.
  11. K. N. Graham, L. P. Sarna, G. R. B. Webster, J. D. Gaynor and H. Y. F. Ng, J. Chromatogr., 1996, 725, 129 CrossRef.
  12. T. Górecki, R. Mindrup and J. Pawliszyn, Analyst, 1996, 121, 1381 RSC.
  13. K. Buchholz and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1994, 66, 160 CrossRef.
  14. B. Schaefer and W. Engewald, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1995, 352, 535 CrossRef CAS.
  15. L. Pan, M. Adams and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1995, 67, 4396 CrossRef CAS.
  16. T. Górecki and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 3008 CrossRef CAS.
  17. D. Louch, S. Motlagh and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1992, 64, 1187 CrossRef CAS.
  18. Z. Zhang and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 1843 CrossRef CAS.
  19. J. Pawliszyn, Solid Phase Microextraction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York/Chichester/Brisbane/Toronto/Singapore, 1997, ch. 3, p. 43 Search PubMed.
  20. J. Ai, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 1230 CrossRef CAS.
  21. J. Ai, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 3260 CrossRef CAS.
  22. J. Ai, Anal. Chem., 1998, 70, 4822 CrossRef CAS.
  23. R. P. Schwarzenbach, P. M. Gschwend and D. M. Imboden, Environmental Organic Chemistry, John Wiley, New York/Chichester/Brisbane/Toronto/Singapore, 1993, ch. 11, p. 255 Search PubMed.
  24. R. I. Masel, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces, John Wiley, & Sons, Inc., New York/Chichester/Brisbane/Toronto/Singapore, 1996 Search PubMed.
  25. T. Górecki, P. Martos and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1998, 70(1), 19 CrossRef CAS.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.