A theoretical study of epibatidine

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Nuria Campillo, Juan Antonio Páez, Ibon Alkorta and Pilar Goya


Abstract

A theoretical study of the conformational profile of epibatidine and its protonated form has been carried out using molecular mechanics (CVFF and CFF91), semiempirical (AM1) and ab initio (RHF/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-31G*) methods. Six minima have been found for the neutral molecule and four for the protonated one with small rotational barriers between them. The stability of the minima has been explained using the AIM methodology. Finally, the NMR shieldings of the different conformers found have been calculated with the GIAO method and used to assign some of the ambiguous experimental signals.


References

  1. T. F. Spande, H. M. Garraffo, M. W. Edwards, H. J. C. Yeh, L. Pannell and J. W. Daly, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 3475 CrossRef CAS.
  2. M. W. Holladay, M. J. Dart and J. K. Lynch, J. Med. Chem., 1997, 40, 4169 CrossRef CAS.
  3. G. Szantay, Z. Kardos-Balogh and C. Szantay, Jr., The Alkaloids, vol. 46. ed. G. A. Cordell, Academic Press, San. Diego, 1995 Search PubMed.
  4. R. P. Sheridan, R. Nilakantan, J. S. Dixon and R. Venkataraghavan, J. Med. Chem., 1986, 29, 899 CrossRef CAS.
  5. W. H. Beers and E. Reich, Nature, 1970, 228, 917 CAS.
  6. M. Dukat, M. I. Damaj, W. Glassco, D. Dumas, E. L. May, B. R. Martin and R. A. Glennon, Med. Chem. Res., 1993, 4, 131 Search PubMed.
  7. M. A. Abreo, N.-H. Lin, D. S. Garvey, D. E. Gunn, A.-M. Hettinger, J. T. Wasicak, P. A. Pavlik, Y. C. Martin, D. L. Donnelly-Roberts, D. J. Anderson, J. P. Sullivan, M. Williams, S. P. Arneric and M. W. Holladay, J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39, 817 CrossRef CAS.
  8. D. Barlocco, G. Cignarella, D. Tondi, P. Vianello, S. Villa, A. Bartolini, C. Ghelardini, N. Galeotti, D. J. Anderson, T. A. Kuntzweiler, D. Colombo and L. Toma, J. Med. Chem., 1998, 41, 674 CrossRef CAS.
  9. J. R. Malpass, D. A. Hemmings and A. L. Wallis, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 3911 CrossRef CAS.
  10. Z. Chen and M. L. Trudell, Chem. Rev., 1996, 96, 1179 CrossRef CAS.
  11. S. F. Nelsen, J. T. Ippoliti, T. B. Frig and P. A. Petillo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 1776 CrossRef CAS.
  12. M. T. Carroll, C. Chang and R. F. Bader, Mol. Phys., 1988, 63, 387 CAS.
  13. I. Alkorta, I. Rozas and J. Elguero, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1998, 27, 163 RSC.
  14. R. G. A. Bone and R. F. W. Bader, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 10892 CrossRef CAS.
  15. C. Szantay, Zs. Kardos-Barlogh, I. Moldvai, C. Szantay, Jr., E. Temesvari-Major and G. Blasko, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 3171 CrossRef CAS.
  16. D. F. Huang and T. Y. Shen, Tetrahedon Lett., 1993, 34, 4477 CrossRef CAS.
  17. The calculated absolute 13C-NMR shieldings, C-2 to C-6, are (B3LYP76-31G*): 35.1, 71.1, 59.8, 74.7, 47.1; B3LYP/6-311++G**: 15.6, 54.1, 40.6, 57.4, 27.6; RHF/6-31G*: 47.8, 81.8, 62.8, 84.7, 53.7; RHF/6-311++G**: 32.3, 68.9, 47.5, 71.7, 38.5.
  18. K. Hayamizu, M. Yanagisawa and O. Yamamoto, Integrated Spectral Data Base for Organic Compounds, http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/SDBS/menu-e.html Search PubMed.
  19. P. Dauber-Osguthorpe, V. A. Roberts, D. J. Osguthorpe, J. Wolff, M. Genest and A. T. Hagler, Proteins, 1988, 4, 31 CAS.
  20. J. R. Maple, U. Dinur and A. T. Hagler, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1988, 85, 5350 CAS.
  21. Discover (2.9.7/95.0/3.0.0 version), Biosym/MSI, San Diego, USA, 1995.
  22. Insight II (95.0/3.0.0 version), Biosym/MSI, San Diego, USA, 1995.
  23. M. J. S. Dewar, E. G. Zoebisch, E. F. Healy and J. J. P. Stewart, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 3902 CrossRef.
  24. J. J. P. Stewart, Mopac 6.0, QCPE Program 455, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, 1990.
  25. P. C. Hariharan and J. A. Pople, Theor. Chim. Acta, 1973, 28, 213 CrossRef CAS.
  26. A. D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 5648 CrossRef CAS.
  27. C. Lee, W. Yang and R. G. Parr, Phys. Rev. B, 1988, 37, 785 CrossRef CAS.
  28. Gaussian 94, M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, P. M. W. Gill, B. G. Johnson, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, T. Keith, G. A. Petersson, J. A. Montgomery, K. Raghavachari, M. A. Al-Laham, V. G. Zakrzewski, J. V. Ortiz, J. B. Foresman, C. Y. Peng, P. Y. Ayala, W. Chen, M. W. Wong, J. L. Andres, E. S. Replogle, R. Gomperts, R. L. Martin, D. J. Fox, J. S. Binkley, D. J. Defrees, J. Baker, J. P. Stewart, M. Head-Gordon, C. Gonzalez and J. A. Pople, Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh PA, 1995.
  29. R. F. W. Bader, Atoms in Molecules. A Quantum Theory, Oxford University, New York, 1990 Search PubMed.
  30. F. W. Bieger-Koenig, R. F. W. Bader and T. H. J. Tang, J. Comput. Chem., 1982, 3, 317 CrossRef.
  31. R. Ditchfield, Mol. Phys., 1974, 27, 789 CAS.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.