Al and Zr pillared acid-activated saponite clays: characterization and properties

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Fathi Kooli and William Jones


Abstract

An acid-activated saponite has been used in the preparation of Al and Zr pillared acid-activated clays. The properties of this new family of pillared clays (pillared acid-activated saponites, PAASs) have been compared to those of conventional pillared (non-activated) saponites (PILSs). It is found that the acid treated materials incorporate less Al or Zr than the parent saponite, with the most likely cause being the reduced cation exchange capacity of the matrix following acid-activation. Powder X-ray diffraction suggests that Al PAASs are thermally more stable than the corresponding Zr PAASs. The acidity of the pillared materials (as monitored by cyclohexylamine adsorption–desorption thermogravimetry studies) is related to the nature and to the amount of the metal oxides incorporated between the sheets of the host clays. Catalytic data for the Brønsted catalysed dehydration ofpentan-1-ol is reported.


References

  1. K. Ohtsuka, Chem. Mater., 1997, 9, 2039 CrossRef CAS.
  2. M. L. Occelli, J. T. Hsu and L. G. Galya, J. Mol. Catal., 1985, 33, 371 CrossRef CAS.
  3. R. Burch and C. I. Warburton, Appl. Catal., 1987, 33, 395 CrossRef CAS.
  4. J. R. Jones and J. H. Purnell, Catal. Lett., 1993, 18, 137 CrossRef CAS.
  5. R. Molina, A. Schutz and G. Poncelet, J. Catal., 1994, 145, 79 CrossRef CAS.
  6. E. Gutierrez and E. Ruiz-Hitzky, in Pillared Layered Structures: Current Trends and Applications, ed. I. V. Mitchell, Elsevier Applied Sciences, London, 1990, pp.199–208 Search PubMed.
  7. K. Takahana, M. Yokoyama, S. Hirao, S. Yamanaka and M. Hattori, J. Mater. Sci., 1992, 27, 1297 CAS.
  8. K. Ohtsuka, Y. Hayashi and M. Suda, Chem. Mater., 1993, 5, 1823 CrossRef CAS.
  9. K. Urabe, N. Kouno, H. Sakurai and Y. Izumi, Adv. Mater., 1991, 3, 558 CrossRef CAS.
  10. A. Vieira-Coelho and G. Poncelet, Appl. Catal., 1991, 96, 1991.
  11. I. Zyla and M. Olzar, Mineral. Pol., 1984, 15, 67 Search PubMed.
  12. S. Mendioroz, J. A. Pajares, C. Pesquera, F. Gonzalez and C. Blanco, Langmuir, 1987, 3, 676 CrossRef CAS.
  13. C. N. Rhodes and D. R. Brown, Catal. Lett., 1994, 24, 285 CrossRef CAS.
  14. R. Mokaya and W. Jones, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 929 RSC.
  15. J. Bovey and W. Jones, J. Mater. Chem., 1995, 5, 2027 RSC.
  16. T. Mishra and K. Parida, J. Mater. Chem., 1997, 7, 147 RSC.
  17. K. Urabe, H. Sakurai and Y. Izumi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 1074 RSC.
  18. P. B. Malla and S. Komarneni, Clays Clay Miner., 1993, 41, 472 CAS.
  19. L. Bergaoui, J. F. Lambert, R. Franck, H. Suquet and J. L. Robert, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1995, 91, 2229 RSC.
  20. L. Bergaoui, J. F. Lambert, H. Suquet and M. Che, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 2155 CrossRef CAS.
  21. S. Moreno, R. Sun Kou and G. Poncelet, J. Catal., 1996, 162, 198 CrossRef CAS.
  22. F. Kooli and W. Jones, Chem. Mater., 1997, 9, 2913 CrossRef CAS.
  23. F. Kooli, J. Bovey and W. Jones, J. Mater. Chem., 1997, 7, 153 RSC.
  24. F. Kooli and W. Jones, Clay Miner., 1997, 32, 633 Search PubMed.
  25. C. Breen, Clay Miner., 1991, 26, 473 Search PubMed.
  26. E. R. Parry, J. Catal., 1963, 2, 371 CrossRef CAS.
  27. F. Kooli and W. Jones, unpublished data.
  28. R. Burch and C. I. Warburton, J. Catal., 1986, 97, 503 CrossRef CAS.
  29. S. J. Gregg and K. W. Sing, Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity, Academic Press, London, 1982 Search PubMed.
  30. R. Mokaya and W. Jones, J. Porous Mater., 1995, 1, 99 Search PubMed.
  31. J. A. Ballantine, J. H. Purnell and J. M. Thomas, Clay Miner., 1983, 18, 347 Search PubMed.
  32. R. Mokaya and W. Jones, J. Catal., 1995, 153, 76 CrossRef CAS.
  33. T. Barzetti, E. Selli, D. Moscotti and L. Forni, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1996, 92, 1401 RSC.
  34. C. A. Emeis, J. Catal., 1993, 141, 347 CrossRef CAS.
  35. J. A. Ballantilline, M. Davies, I. Patel, J. H. Purnell, M. Rayanakorn, K. J. Williams and J. M. Thomas, J. Mol. Catal., 1984, 26, 37 CrossRef CAS.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.