A study of Mn-Ti oxide powders and their behaviour in propane oxidation catalysis

Abstract

Mn-Ti mixed oxides with composition Ti_1–xMn_xO_y (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9 and 1) have been prepared. A Mn-TiO₂ monolayer type sample has also been prepared by impregnation, for comparison. Manganese is found to speed up the anatase-to-rutile phase transition, more clearly in the impregnated sample, while titanium tends to slightly hinder the thermodynamically reversible hausmannite-to-bixbyite phase transition upon cooling. The catalytic activity of all samples in propene oxidation decreases by increasing the Ti content. Conversely, the catalytic activity in propane oxidation shows a maximum at intermediate composition.

References

1. P. E. Marti, M. Maciejewski and A. Baiker, Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 1994, 4, 225.
2. G. Groppi, M. Bellotto, C. Cristiani and P. Forzatti, Appl. Catal., A: General, 1993, 104, 101.
3. H. G. Lintz and K. Wittstock, Catal. Today, 1996, 29, 457.
4. U. S. Ozkan, R. F. Kueller and E. Moctezuma, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1990, 29, 1136.
5. J. Carnö, M. Ferrandon, E. Björnbom and S. Järäs, Appl. Catal., A: General, 1997, 155, 265.
6. G. K. Boreskov, B. I. Popov, V. N. Bibin and E. S. Kozishnikova, Kinet. Katal., 1968, 9, 796.
7. J. E. Germain and R. Perez, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1972, 4683.
8. C. Lahousse, A. Bernier, A. Gaigneaux, P. Ruiz, P. Grange and B. Delmon, in 3rd World Congress on Oxidation Catalysis, ed. R. K. Grasselli, S. T. Oyama, A. M. GaVney and J. E. Lyons, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1997, p. 777.
9. J. E. Germain and R. Perez, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1972, 541; 2042.
10. M. Baldi, V. Sanchez-Escribano, J. M. Gallardo-Amores, F. Milella and G. Busca, Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 1998, 17, L175.
11. M. Baldi, E. Finocchio, F. Milella and G. Busca, Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 1998, 16, 43.
12. P. J. Gellings, in Catalysis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1985, vol. 7, p. 105.
13. Vanadia catalysts for selective oxidation of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, ed. B. Grzybowska-Swierkosz, F. Trifiró and J. C. Vedrine, Special issue of Appl. Catal., A: General, 1997, 157, 1–426.
14. V. Nikolov, D. Klissurski and A. Anastasov, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 1991, 33, 319.
15. C. R. Dias, M. F. Farinha-Portela and G. C. Bond, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 1997, 39, 169.
16. P. Forzatti and L. Lietti, Heterog. Chem. Rev., 1996, 3, 33.
17. G. Busca, L. Lietti, G. Ramis and F. Berti, Appl. Catal., B: Environ., in press.
18. D. Vanhove, S. R. Op, A. Fernandez and M. Blanchard, J. Catal., 1979, 57, 253.
19. J. Ramirez, S. Fuentes, G. Diaz, M. Vrinat, M. Breysse and M. Lacroix, Appl. Catal., 1989, 52, 211.
20. I. E. Wachs, Catal. Today, 1996, 27, 437.
21. L. J. Alemany, L. Lietti, N. Ferlazzo, P. Forzatti, G. Busca, E. Giamello and F. Bregani, J. Catal., 1995, 155, 117.
22. M. C. Paganini, L. Dell'Acqua, E. Giamello, L. Lietti, P. Forzatti and G. Busca, J. Catal., 1997, 166, 195.
23. W. S. Kiljlstra, E. K. Poels, A. Bliek, B. M. Weckhuysen and R. A. Schoonheydt, J. Phys. Chem. B, 1997, 101, 309.
24. L. Singoredjo, R. Korver, F. Kapteijn and J. A. Moulijn, Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 1992, 1, 297.
25. J. R. Hackman, in Pigment Handbook, ed. P. A. Lewis, 1998, vol. 1, p. 383.
26. A. Wollner, F. Lange, H. Schmelz and H. Knozinger, Appl. Catal., A: General, 1993, 94, 181.
27. H. D. Lutz, B. Muller and H. J. Steiner, J. Solid State Chem., 1991, 90, 54.
28. G. Busca, G. Ramis, J. M. Gallardo Amores, V. Sanchez Escribano and P. Piaggio, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1994, 90, 3181.
29. M. I. Baraton, G. Busca, V. Lorenzelli and R. J. Willey, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1994, 13, 275.
30. M. C. Bernard, A. Hugot-Le Goff, B. Vu Thi and S. Cordoba de Torresi, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1993, 140, 3065.
31. M. Valigi and A. Cinimo, J. Solid State Chem., 1975, 12, 135.
32. G. Oliveri, G. Ramis, G. Busca and V. Sanchez Escribano, J. Mater. Chem., 1993, 3, 1239.
33. J. M. Gallardo Amores, V. Sanchez Escribano and G. Busca, J. Mater. Chem., 1995, 5, 1245.
34. J. L. Hébrard and P. Nortier, J. Am. Cem. Soc., 1990, 73, 79.
35. R. Mtselaar, R. E. J. Van Tol and P. Piercy, J. Solid State Chem., 1981, 38, 335; S. E. Dorris and T. O. Mason, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1988, 71, 379.
36. J. M. Gallardo Amores, V. Sanchez Escribano, G. Busca and V. Lorenzelli, J. Mater. Chem., 1994, 4, 965.
37. G. Ramis, G. Busca, C. Cristiani, L. Lietti, P. Forzatti and F. Bregani, Langmuir, 1992, 8, 1744.
38. Li Yi, G. Ramis, G. Busca and V. Lorenzelli, J. Mater. Chem., 1994, 4, 1755.
39. H. Bevan, S. V. Dawes and R. A. Ford, Spectrochim. Acta, 1958, 13, 43.
40. T. R. N. Kutty, R. Vivekanan and P. Murugaraf, Mater Chem. Phys., 1988, 19, 533.
41. T. R. N. Kutty and M. Avulaithai, in Properties and Applications of Perovskite-type Oxides, ed. L. G. Tejuca and J. L. G. Fierro, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993, p. 307; L. G. J. DeHaart, A. J. DeVries and G. Blasse, J. Solid State Chem., 1985, 59, 291; J. M. Gallardo-Amores, V. S. Escribano, M. Daturi and G. Busca, J. Mater. Chem., 1996, 6, 879.
42. G. Pacheco-Malagón, A. García-Bórquez, D. Coster, A. Sklyarov, S. Petit and J. J. Fripiat, J. Mater. Res., 1995, 10, 1264; A. Gutierrez, M. Trombetta, G. Busca and J. Ramirez, Microporous Mater., 1997, 12, 79.
43. J. K. Burdett, T. Hughbanks, G. J. Miller, J. W. Richardson and J. V. Smith, J. Am. Cem. Soc., 1987, 109, 3639.
44. F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 3rd edn., 1980, p. 765.
45. V. S. Stubican and C. Greskovich, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1975, 39, 875.
46. F. Lavalille, D. Gourier, A. M. Lejus and D. Vivien, J. Solid State Chem., 1983, 49, 180.
47. Chemistry of the Elements, ed. N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Pergamon, Oxford, 5th edn., 1995, p. 1231.
48. N. Islam, Appl. Spectrosc., 1973, 27, 285.
49. D. Cordischi, M. Valigli, D. Gazzoli and V. Indovina, J. Solid State Chem., 1975, 15, 82.
50. J. R. Akrige and J. H. Kennedy, J. Solid State Chem., 1979, 29, 63.
51. M. Lenglet, M. Bizi and C. K. Jorgensen, J. Solid State Chem., 1990, 86, 82.
52. R. G. Burns, Am. Mineral., 1970, 55, 1608.
53. J. M. Gallardo Amores, V. Sanchez Escribano, G. Ramis and G. Busca, Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 1997, 13, 45.