Effects of metal ions on the morphology and structure of haematite particles produced from forced hydrolysis reaction

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Kazuhiko K,ori, Yasuhito Aoki, Akemi Yasukawa and Tatsuo Ishikawa


Abstract

The effects of metal ions (CuII, NiII, CoII and CrIII) on the morphology and structure of haematite particles, produced from a forced hydrolysis reaction of FeCl3–HCl at various concentrations of metal ions ranging from 0–0.8 in Me/(Fe+Me) atomic ratio (XMe), were investigated by various means. Spherical and a few double-spherical haematite particles were altered to diamond-shaped particles with increase in the concentration of divalent metal ions accompanied by a reduction of particle size up to XMe=0.8. On the other hand, spherical haematite particles with a few double-spherical particles were formed for the system doped with CrIII at XCr≤0.04 but no pure haematite particle was produced above this concentration. TEM and XRD suggested that the haematite particles formed at XCu≤0.4 and XCr≤0.04 are polycrystalline with an enlarged c edge length in the unit cell, though the diamond-like particles produced at XCu≥0.6 exhibited a single-crystal nature. TG and FTIR indicated that the haematite particles produced with metal ions are hydrohaematite and contain OH ions in the lattice. The rate of phase transformation from β-FeOOH to haematite was closely related to the crystal lattice distortion and the amounts of the lattice OH ions which affected the morphology and structure of the haematite particles. Part of the dopants were incorporated into the particles and were concentrated in the particle surface phase.


References

  1. E. Matijević, Chem. Mater., 1993, 5, 412 CrossRef CAS.
  2. E. Matijević, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1985, 15, 483 Search PubMed.
  3. E. K. De Blanco, M. A. Blesa and S. J. Liberman, React. Solids, 1986, 1, 189 CrossRef.
  4. E. Matijević and P. Scheiner, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1978, 63, 509 CAS.
  5. M. P. Morales, T. G. Carrero and C. J. Serna, J. Mater. Res., 1992, 7, 2538 CrossRef CAS.
  6. M. Ocana, M. P. Morales and C. J. Serna, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1995, 171, 85 CrossRef CAS.
  7. M. Ocana, R. R. Clemente and C. J. Serna, Adv. Mater., 1995, 7, 212 CAS.
  8. J. K. Bailey, C. J. Brinker and M. L. Mecartney, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1993, 157, 1 CrossRef CAS.
  9. K. Kandori, Y. Kawashima and T. Ishikawa, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1991, 87, 2241 RSC.
  10. K. Kandori, S. Tamura and T. Ishikawa, Colloid Polym. Sci., 1994, 272, 812 CrossRef CAS.
  11. K. Kandori, A. Yasukawa and T. Ishikawa, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1996, 180, 446 CrossRef CAS.
  12. K. Kandori, N. Okoshi, A. Yasukawa and T. Ishikawa, J. Mater. Res., 1998, 13, 1698 CAS.
  13. K. Kandori, Y. Nakamoto, A. Yasukawa and T. Ishikawa, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1998, 202, 499 CrossRef CAS.
  14. The Iron Oxides, Structure, Properties, Reaction, Occurrence and Uses, ed. R. M. Cornell and U. Schwertmann, VCH, Weinheim, 1996, p. 38 Search PubMed.
  15. W. Schneider and B. Schwyn, in Aquatic Surface Chemistry, ed. W. Stumm, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1987, p. 172 Search PubMed.
  16. W. H. Künzi, dissertation in Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, 1982, No. 7016.
  17. W. Schneider, Comments Inorg. Chem., 1984, 3, 205 CAS.
  18. J. Bottero, A. Manceau, F. Villieras and D. Tchoubar, Langmuir, 1994, 10, 316 CrossRef CAS.
  19. Chemistry of the Solid–Water Interface, ed. W. Stumm, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1992, p. 21 Search PubMed.
  20. D. R. Penn, J. Electron Spectrosc., 1976, 9, 29 Search PubMed.
  21. Iron Oxides in the Laboratory, ed. U. Schwertmann and R. M. Cornell, VCH, Weinheim, 1991, p. 10. Search PubMed.
  22. H. Stanjek and U. Schwertmann, Clay Clay Miner., 1992, 40, 347 CAS.
  23. R. M. Cornell and R. Giovannolli, Polyhedron, 1988, 7, 385 CrossRef CAS.
  24. B. S. W. Dawson, J. E. Fergusson, A. S. Campbell and E. J. B. Cutler, Geodarma, 1985, 35, 127 Search PubMed.
  25. E. Wolska and U. Schwertmann, Z. Kristallogr., 1989, 189, 223 CAS.
  26. H. E. Steinwehr, Z. Kristallogr., 1967, 125, 377.
  27. K. S. W. Sing, D. M. Everett, R. A. W. Haul, L. Moscou, R. A. Pierotti, J. Rouquerol and T. Siemieniewska, Pure Appl. Chem., 1985, 57, 603 CrossRef CAS.
  28. Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity, ed. S. J. Gregg and K. S. Sing, Academic Press, London, 2nd edn., 1982 Search PubMed.
  29. G. A. Parks and P. L. de Bruyn, J. Phys. Chem., 1962, 66, 967 CrossRef CAS.
  30. K. Kandori, Y. Kawashima and T. Ishikawa, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1992, 152, 284 CAS.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.