Synthesis of biphasic ceramics of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate with controlled phase content and porosity

Abstract

Biphasic porous ceramics of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate have been prepared. The process was based on solid state reactions of brushite with calcium carbonate. The optimum heat treatment conditions for producing pure stoichiometric HA, β-TCP and a biphasic composite of HA and β-TCP with definite phase composition were identified by the methods of thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and IR absorption spectroscopy. As a gas-forming agent, a certain amount of uncalcined powder was mixed with the corresponding precalcined powder to produce porous ceramics with different microporosities. Foam ceramics with macropores have been prepared by a dipping technique. The pore structure was examined using scanning electron microscopy.

References

1. Y. Li and C. P. A. T. Klein, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 1994, 5, 263.
2. I. H. Arita, V. M. Castano and D. S. Wilkinson, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 1995, 6, 19.
3. D. Liu, Ceram. Int., 1997, 23, 135.
4. C. A. Tas, F. Korkusuz, M. Timucin and N. Akkas, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 1997, 8, 91.
5. R. Rao, H. N. Roopa and T. S. Kannan, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 1997, 8, 511.
6. R. A. Nyquist and R. O. Kagel, Infrared spectra of inorganic compounds, Academic Press, New York and London, 1971, p. 181.
7. E. W. White, Mater. Res. Innovat., 1997, 1, 57.
8. D. Muster, Biomaterials—Hard tissue repair and replacement, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992, p. 191.
9. E. C. Shors and R. E. Holmes, Porous hydroxyapatite,inAn Introduction to Bioceramics, ed. L. L. Hench and J. Wilson, World Scientific Publishing Co., 1993, pp. 181–198.