Acidic properties of porous Ga/Cr mixed oxides intercalated in α-zirconium phosphate

Abstract

Porous GaCr mixed oxides were intercalated within the layers of α-zirconium phosphate using a colloidal suspension of phosphate previously swelled with vapours ofn-propylamine. The materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N₂ adsorption–desorption. The surface acidity, both before and after poisoning with K, was evaluated by the following techniques: temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD), IR spectroscopy measurements of adsorbed pyridine (Py-IR), isopropyl alcohol conversion tests and but-1-ene isomerisation tests. The catalytic activity in the vapour phase deep oxidation of methylene chloride was also tested. All samples were found to be moderately active as acid catalysts. The Brønsted type sites appeared to be located mainly on the phosphate layers and their concentration was found to be independent from the GaCr ratio. Lewis acid sites appeared to be located on the surface of the intercalated oxides and their concentration reaches a maximum for a GaCr ratio of 4060. This sample also shows the highest activity for the deep oxidation of methylene chloride.

References

1. Multifunctional Mesoporous Inorganic Solids, ed. C. A. C. Sequeira and M. J. Hudson, NATO ASI Series; Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1993, 400.
2. Pillared Layered Structures. Current Trends and Applications, ed. I. V. Mitchell, Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1990.
3. J. Wang, Y. Tian, R. C. Wang and A. Clearfield, Chem. Mater., 1992, 4, 1276.
4. P. Olivera-Pastor, P. Maireles-Torres, E. Rodríguez-Castellón, A. Jiménez-López, T. Cassagneau, D. J. Jones and J. Rozière, Chem. Mater., 1996, 8, 1758.
5. S. E. Bradley, R. A. Kydd and A. F. Colin, Inorg. Chem., 1992, 31, 1181.
6. P. Olivera-Pastor, J. Maza-Rodríguez, P. Maireles-Torres, E. Rodríguez-Castellón and A. Jiménez-López, J. Mater. Chem., 1994, 4, 179.
7. F. J. Pérez-Reina, P. Olivera-Pastor, E. Rodríguez-Castellón, A. Jiménez-López and J. L. G. García Fierro, J. Solid State Chem., 1996, 122, 231.
8. M. Alcántara-Rodríguez, P. Olivera-Pastor, E. Rodríguez-Castellón and A. Jiménez-López, J. Mater. Chem., 1996, 6, 247.
9. F. J. Pérez-Reina, P. Olivera-Pastor, P. Maireles-Torres, E. Rodríguez-Castellón and A. Jiménez-López, Langmuir, in press.
10. P. Olivera-Pastor, J. Maza-Rodríguez, A. Jiménez-López, I. Rodríguez-Ramos, A. Guerrero-Ruiz and J. L. G. Fierro, in New Developments in Selective Oxidation II, ed. V. Cortés Corberán and S. Vic Bellon, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994, p. 103.
11. A. Guerrero-Ruiz, I. Rodríguez-Ramos, J. L. G. Fierro, A. Jiménez-López, P. Olivera-Pastor and P. Maireles-Torres, Appl. Catal. A, 1992, 92, 81.
12. C. R. Bayens, A. J. H. P. Van der Pol and J. H. C. Van Hooff, Appl. Catal., 1991, 72, 81.
13. L. Storaro, R. Ganzerla, M. Lenarda, R. Zanoni, A. Jiménez-López, P. Olivera Pastor and E. Rodríguez-Castellón, J. Mol. Catal., 1997, 115, 329.
14. G. Alberti and E. Torracca, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 317.
15. E. Paparazzo, E. Severini, A. Jiménez-López, P. Olivera-Pastor, E. Rodríguez-Castellón and A. A. G. Tomlinson, J. Mater. Chem., 1992, 2, 1175.
16. R. W. Cranston and F. A. Inckley, Adv. Catal., 1957, 9, 143.
17. P. Maireles-Torres, P. Olivera-Pastor, E. Rodríguez-Castellón, A. Jiménez-López and A. A. G. Tomlinson, J. Mater. Chem., 1991, 1, 739.
18. A. Gil, G. Guiu, P. Grange and M. Montes, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 301.
19. X. Tang, W. Q. Xu, Y. F. Shen and S. L. Suib, Chem. Mater., 1995, 7, 102.
20. D. Zhao, Y. Yang and X. Guo, Zeolites, 1995, 15, 58.
21. T. Hashiguchi and S. Sakai, in Acid–Base Catalysis, ed. K. Tanabe, H. Hattori, T. Yamaguchi and T. Tanaka, Kodansha, Tokyo, 1988.
22. K. Yamagishi, S. Namba and T. Yashima, in Acid–Base Catalysis, ed. K. Tanabe, H. Hattori, T. Yamaguchi and T. Tanaka, Kodansha, Tokyo, 1988.
23. G. Busca, Langmuir, 1986, 2, 577.
24. J. Dakta, A. M. Turek, J. M. Jehng and I. E. Wachs, J. Catal., 1992, 135, 186.
25. H. Ai, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1977, 50, 355.
26. J. C. Luy and J. M. Paresa, Appl. Catal., 1986, 26, 295.
27. A. La Ginestra, P. Patrono, M. L. Berardelli, P. Galli, C. Ferragina and M. A. Massucci, J. Catal., 1987, 103, 346.
28. P. Patrono, A. La Ginestra, G. Ramis and G. Busca, Appl. Catal. A, 1994, 107, 249.
29. J. P. Damon, B. Delmon and J. M. Monnier, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans I, 1977, 73, 372.
30. M. Trombetta, G. Busca, S. Rossini, V. Piccoli and U. Cornaro, J. Catal., 1997, 168, 334.
31. M. Trombetta, G. Busca, S. Rossini, V. Piccoli and U. Cornaro, J. Catal., 1997, 168, 349.
32. S. Chatterjee and H. L. Green, J. Catal., 1991, 130, 76.
33. B. Ramachandran, H. L. Green and S. Chatterjee, Appl. Catal. B, 1996, 8, 157.
34. S. Chatterjee and H. L. Greene, J. Catal., 1991, 130, 76.
35. S. Chatterjee, H. L. Greene and Y. Joon Park, J. Catal., 1992, 138, 179.