Liquid crystalline surfactant phases in chemical applications

Abstract

The importance of lyotropic liquid crystalline structures is shown for two selected surfactant applications,i.e. cosmetics and detergency. The properties of lyotropic liquid crystals are demonstrated for binary surfactant–water systems, ternary surfactant–oil–water systems and multicomponent systems. Detailed knowledge of the phase behavior is crucial for tailor-made product development.

References

1. S. Friberg, Advances in Liquid Crystals, Academic Press, New York, 1978, vol. 3, p. 149.
2. H. Saito and S. Friberg, in Liquid Crystals, ed. S. Chandrasekhar, Indiana Academy of Science, 1975.
3. S. Friberg, L. Mandell and M. Larsson, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1969, 29, 155.
4. K. Larsson, Prog. Chem. Fats Lipids, 1978, 16, 163.
5. K. Shinoda and S. Friberg, Emulsions and solubilization, Wiley, New York, 1986.
6. T. Engels, T. Förster and W. von Rybinski, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 1995, 99, 141.
7. S. Friberg and M. A. El-Nokaly, in Surfactants in Cosmetics, ed. M. M. Rieger, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1985, p. 55.
8. S. Friberg and C. Solans, Langmuir, 1986, 2, 121.
9. S. Friberg, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 1979, 30, 309.
10. N. Krog and J. B. Lauridsen, in Food Emulsions, ed. S. Friberg, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1976, p. 67.
11. S. Friberg, P. O. Jansson and E. Cederberg, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1976, 55, 614.
12. T. Suzuki, H. Tsutsumi and A. Ishida, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 1984, 5, 119; T. Forster, in Surfactants in Cosmetics, ed. M. M. Rieger and L. D. Rhein, M. Dekker, New York, 1997, p. 105.
13. S. Wahlgren, A. L. Lindstrom and S. Friberg, J. Pharm. Sci., 1984, 73, 1484.
14. R. R. C. New, Liposomes—a practical approach, Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.
15. J. R. Philippot and F. Schuber, Liposomes as tools in basic research and industry, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995.
16. D. R. Karsa and R. A. Stephenson, Encapsulation and controlled release, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1993.
17. S. Ng and S. Frank, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 1982, 3, 217.
18. D. Kavaliunas and S. Frank, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1978, 66, 586.
19. P. Machy and L. Leserman, Liposomes in cell biology and pharmacology, John Libbey, London, 1987.
20. G. Gregoriadis, Liposome Technology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1992, 2nd edn., vol. III.
21. T. Förster, W. von Rybinski and A. Wadle, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 1995, 58, 119.
22. T. Förster, F. Schambil and H. Tesmann, Int. J. Cosmetic Sci., 1990, 12, 217.
23. T. Förster, F. Schambil and W. von Rybinski, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 1992, 13, 183.
24. H. Sagitani, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 1988, 9, 115.
25. T. Suzuki, H. Takei and S. Yamazaki, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1989, 129, 491.
26. T. Suzuki, M. Nakamura, H. Sumida and A. Shigeta, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 1992, 43, 21.
27. S. Friberg, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 1990, 41, 155.
28. S. Friberg and L. L. Rhein, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 1988, 9, 371.
29. S. Friberg and D. W. Osborne, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 1985, 6, 485.
30. U. Zeidler, Skin Care Forum, 1992, 3.
31. H. Andree and P. Krings, in Waschmittelchemie, Hüthig, Heidelberg, 1976, p. 84.
32. J. C. Lang and R. D. Morgan, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 73, 5849.
33. D. J. Mitchell, G. J. T. Tiddy, L. Warring, T. Bostock and M. P. McDonald, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1983, 79, 975.
34. M. Kahlweit and R. Strey, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1985, 24, 654.
35. W. Kling and H. Lange, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1960, 37, 30.
36. H. S. Kielman and P. J. F. van Steen, Surface Active Agents, London Society of Chemical Industries, 1979, p. 191.
37. C. A. Miller and K. H. Raney, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 1993, 74, 169.
38. J. C. van de Pas, C. J. Buytenhek and L. F. Brouwn, Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 1994, 113, 231.
39. M. J. Schwuger, in Structure/Performance Relationships in Surfactants, ACS Symp. Ser. 253, ed. M. J. Rosen, Washington DC, 1984, p. 3.
40. M. Kahlweit and R. Strey, in Proceeding of Vth International Conference on Surface and Colloid Science, ed. H. L. Rosano, Potsdam, New York, 1985.
41. J. Munoz, C. Gallegos and V. Flores, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 1986, 7, 453.
42. F. Schambil and M. J. Schwuger, Colloid Polymer Sci., 1987, 165, 1009.
43. K. Hill, W. von Rybinski and G. Stoll, Alkyl Polyglycosides—Technology, Properties and Applications, VCH, Weinheim, 1997.
44. G. Platz, J. Pölicke, Chr. Thunig, R. Hofmann, D. Nickel and W. von Rybinski, Langmuir, 1995, 11, 4250.
45. R. A. Mackay, in Nonionic Surfactants; Physical Chemistry, ed. M. J. Schick, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987, p. 297.
46. S. Paasch, F. Schambil and M. J. Schwuger, Langmuir, 1989, 5, 1344.