Determination of mercury in urine by electrothermal vaporization isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Kuo-Hsien Lee, Shiuh-Jen Jiang and Hung-Wei Liu


Abstract

Electrothermal vaporization isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ID-ICP-MS) was applied to the determination of mercury in urine samples. The isotope ratio of mercury in each analytical run was calculated from the peak area of each isotope. Various modifiers were tested in order to obtain the greatest sensitivity for mercury. After preliminary studies, a mixed modifier of palladium, Mg(NO3)2 and 2% HCl was used. The ETV-ID-ICP-MS method was applied to the determination of mercury in NIST SRM 2670 Toxic Metals in Freeze-Dried Urine and several fresh urine samples collected from graduate students. The results obtained for NIST SRM 2670 agreed satisfactorily with the certified values. The results for other samples analysed by isotope dilution and by the method of standard additions agreed satisfactorily. The detection limit of mercury, calculated from the standard additions calibration plot, was about 0.02 ng ml–1 with the ETV-ICP-MS method. The precision between sample replicates was better than 8% for all determinations.


References

  1. D. C. Gregoire, D. M. Goltz, M. M. Lamoureux and C. L. Chakrabarti, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1994, 9, 919 RSC.
  2. D. C. Gregoire, N. J. Miller-Ihli and R. E. Sturgeon, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1994, 9, 605 RSC.
  3. R. W. Fonseca and N. J. Miller-Ihli, Appl. Spectrosc., 1995, 49, 1403 CAS.
  4. D. C. Gregoire and R. E. Sturgeon, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1993, 48, 1347 CrossRef.
  5. R. D. Ediger and S. A. Beres, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1992, 47, 907 CrossRef.
  6. D. C. Gregoire, M. Lamoureux, C. L. Chakrabati, S. Al-Maawali and J. P. Byrne, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1992, 7, 579 RSC.
  7. D. C. Gregoire, S. Al-Maawali and C. L. Chakrabati, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1992, 47, 1123 CrossRef.
  8. D. C. Gregoire and H. Naka, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1995, 10, 823 RSC.
  9. C. M. Sparks and J. Holcombe, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 1993, 48, 1607 CrossRef.
  10. D. W. Hasting, S. R. Emerson and B. K. Nelson, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 371 CrossRef CAS.
  11. M. M. Lamoureux, D. C. Gregoire, C. L. Chakrabarti and D. M. Golt, Anal. Chem., 1994, 66, 3208 CrossRef CAS.
  12. J. P. Byrne, D. M. Hughes, C. L. Chakrabarti and D. C. Gregoire, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1994, 9, 913 RSC.
  13. S. N. Willie, D. C. Gregoire and R. E. Sturgeon, Analyst, 1997, 122, 751 RSC.
  14. M.-J. Liaw, S.-J. Jiang and Y.-C. Li, Spectrochim, Acta, Part B, 1997, 52, 779 CrossRef.
  15. Y.-C. Li and S.-J. Jiang, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1998, 359, 205 CrossRef CAS.
  16. G. R. Kevin and S. S. Mark, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 1989, 36, 111.
  17. J. Cacho and J. E. Castells, At. Spectrosc., 1989, 10, 85 CAS.
  18. E. Munaf, M. Goto and D. Ishii, Fresenius' Z. Anal. Chem., 1989, 334, 115 CAS.
  19. R. G. Godden and P. B. Stockwell, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1989, 4, 301 RSC.
  20. C. P. Hanna, J. F. Tyson and S. McIntosh, Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 653 CrossRef CAS.
  21. Y. Nojiri, A. Otsuki and K. Fuwa, Anal. Chem., 1986, 58, 544 CrossRef CAS.
  22. P. Canada Rudner, A. Garcia de Torres and J. M. Cano Pavon, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1993, 8, 705 RSC.
  23. A. Stroh and U. Vollkopf, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1993, 8, 35 RSC.
  24. C.-C. Chang and S.-J. Jiang, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997, 353, 173 CrossRef CAS.
  25. R. J. Bowins and R. H. McNutt, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1994, 9, 1233 RSC.
  26. J. R. Dean and L. Ebdon, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1987, 2, 369 RSC.
  27. D. C. Gregoire and J. Lee, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1994, 9, 393 RSC.
  28. A. A. van Heuzen, T. Hoekstra and B. van Wingerden, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1989, 4, 483 RSC.
  29. D. C. Beary, K. A. Brletic, P. J. Paulsen and J. R. Moody, Analyst, 1987, 112, 441 RSC.
  30. J. W. McLaren, D. Beauchemin and S. S. Berman, Anal. Chem., 1987, 59, 610 CrossRef CAS.
  31. J. W. McLaren, A. P. Mykytiuk, S. N. Willie and S. S. Berman, Anal. Chem., 1985, 57, 2907 CrossRef CAS.
  32. D. Beauchemin, J. W. McLaren, A. P. Mykytiuk and S. S. Berman, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1988, 3, 305 RSC.
  33. J. W. McLaren, D. Beauchemin and S. S. Berman, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1987, 2, 277 RSC.
  34. P.-L. Lu, K.-S. Huang and S.-J. Jiang, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1993, 284, 181 CrossRef CAS.
  35. T.-J. Hwang and S.-J. Jiang, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1996, 11, 353 RSC.
  36. M.-J. Liaw and S.-J. Jiang, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1996, 11, 555 RSC.
  37. I. Karadjova, P. Mandjukov, S. Tsakovsky, V. Simenov, J. A. Stratis and G. A. Zachariadis, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1995, 10, 1065 RSC.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.