Spectroscopic properties of new and convenient standards for measuring fluorescence quantum yields

Abstract

Three perylene derivatives with fluorescent quantum yields of 100% are suggested as new useful standards for the determination of fluorescence quantum yields. The compounds are N,N′-bis(1-hexylheptyl)-3,4:9,10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylictetramethyl ester which dissolve in organic solvents, and the water-soluble perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid tetrapotassium salt. All compounds are easily handled, very photostable, and show only minor quenching by oxygen under normal experimental conditions.

References

1. See e.g.O. S. Wolfbeis, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, New Methods and Applications, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1993.
2. J. F. Rabek, Experimental Methods in Photochemistry and Photophysics, Wiley, New York, 1982, parts 1 and 2.
3. W. H. Melhuish, J. Phys. Chem., 1960, 64, 762.
4. J. N. Demas and G. A. Crosby, J. Phys. Chem., 1961, 65, 227.
5. W. Dawson and M. W. Winsor, J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 72, 3251.
6. G. Weber and F. W. J. Teale, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1958, 54, 640.
7. H. Langhals, Heterocycles, 1995, 40, 477.
8. S. Demmig and H. Langhals, Chem. Ber., 1988, 121, 225.
9. BASF (Erf. H. Eilingsfeld, M. Potsch) D.O.S. 2512516, 1976; Chem. Abstr., 1977, 86, P31008p; L. Feiler, H. Langhals and K. Polborn, Liebigs Ann., 1995, P1229.
10. L. B.-Å. Johansson, J. Karolin, H. Langhals, S. Reichherzer, N. von Füner and K. Polborn., J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1993, 89, 49.
11. J. B. Birks, Photophysics of Aromatic Molecules, Wiley, New York, 1969.
12. Th. Förster, Ann. Physik, 1948, 2, 55.
13. L. B.-Å. Johansson and H. Langhals, Spectrochim. Acta A, 1991, 47, 857.
14. Y. Tanizaki, T. Yoshinaga and H. Hiratsuka, Spectrochim. Acta A, 1978, 34, 205.