Influence of spacer structure on the molecular dynamics of side-chain liquid-crystalline polyacrylates as studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Eiichi Akiyama, Yu Nagase, Norihiro Matsui and Kazuo Araki


Abstract

The dynamic behaviour of side-chain polyacrylates, whose polymer backbones were connected to a mesogenic core composed of cyanophenyl benzoate or cyanobiphenylyl benzoate via an alkylene (C11) chain or that containing a siloxane bond as a flexible spacer chain, have been studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (102–106 Hz) at different temperatures in the smectic phase. Analyses using the Fuoss–Kirkwood function, WLF equation and activation parameters on the obtained dielectric loss revealed that the siloxane-spacer apparently enhanced the mobility of a mesogenic group owing to a decrease of Tg, and that the introduction of as small a mesogen as possible might be one of the most important factors in responding rapidly to changes of an external field.


References

  1. Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers, ed. C. B. McArdle, Blackie, Glasgow, 1989 Search PubMed.
  2. C.-S. Hsu, Prog. Polym. Sci., 1997, 22, 829 CrossRef CAS.
  3. G. E. Williams, in Special Polymers for Electronics & Optoelectronics, eds. J. A. Chilton and M. T. Goosey, Chapman & Hall, London, 1994, p. 256 Search PubMed.
  4. E. Akiyama, N. Matsui and Y. Nagase, Liq. Cryst., 1997, 23(3), 425 CrossRef CAS.
  5. M. Engel, B. Hisgen, R. Keller, W. Kreuder, B. Reck, H. Ringsdorf, H.-W. Schmidt and P. Tschirner, Pure Appl. Chem., 1985, 57, 1009 CAS.
  6. Y. Nagase and Y. Takamura, Makromol. Chem., 1992, 193, 1225 CAS.
  7. Y. Nagase, Y. Takamura, H. Abe, K. Ono, T. Saito and E. Akiyama, Makromol. Chem., 1993, 194, 2517 CAS.
  8. Y. Nagase, T. Saito, H. Abe and Y. Takamura, Makromol. Chem., 1994, 195, 263 Search PubMed.
  9. E. Akiyama, M. Yamazaki, Y. Takamura and Y. Nagase, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 1994, 15, 161 CAS.
  10. E. Akiyama, Y. Takamura and Y. Nagase, Polym. J., 1994, 26, 1277 Search PubMed.
  11. Y. Nagase, Y. Takamura and E. Akiyama, Rep. Prog. Polym. Phys. Jpn., 1994, 37, 171 Search PubMed.
  12. Y. Nagase, Y. Takamura and E. Akiyama, High Perform. Polym., 1995, 7, 255 CrossRef CAS.
  13. Y. Kawakami and K. Toida, Macromolecules, 1995, 28, 816 CrossRef CAS.
  14. Y. Kawakami, M. Ichitani, H. Kunisada and Y. Yuki, Polym. J., 1996, 28, 513 Search PubMed.
  15. Y. Kawakami, H. Inoue, N. Kishimoto and A. Mori, Polym. Bull., 1996, 36, 653 CAS.
  16. M. A. Hempenius, R. G. H. Lammertink and G. J. Vansco, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 1996, 17, 299 CrossRef CAS.
  17. M. A. Hempenius, R. G. H. Lammertink and G. J. Vansco, Macromolecules, 1997, 30, 266 CrossRef CAS.
  18. G. S. Attard, K. Araki, J. J. Moura-Ramos and G. Williams, Liq. Cryst., 1988, 3, 861 CAS.
  19. C. M. Haws, M. G. Clark and G. S. Attard, in Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers, ed. C. B. McArdle, Blackie, Glasgow, 1989, p. 196 Search PubMed.
  20. G. Williams, in Material Science and Technology, ed. T. Edwin, VCH, Weinheim, 1993, vol. 9, p. 471 Search PubMed.
  21. G. Williams, C. Duch, J. Fournier and J. R. Hayden, in Polymer Spectroscopy, ed. A. H. Fawcett, Wiley, New York, 1996, p. 275 Search PubMed.
  22. Dielectric Spectroscopy of Polymeric Materials : Fundamentals and Applications, eds. J. P. Runt and J. J. Fitzgerald, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., 1997 Search PubMed.
  23. H. Kresse and R. V. Talrose, Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 1981, 2, 369 Search PubMed.
  24. H. Kresse, E. Tennstedt and R. Zentel, Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 1985, 6, 261 Search PubMed.
  25. G. S. Attard, G. Williams, G. W. Gray, D. Lacey and P. A. Gemmel, Polymer, 1986, 27, 185 CAS.
  26. G. S. Attard and G. Williams, Liq. Cryst., 1986, 1, 253 CAS.
  27. A. Kozak, J. J. Moura-Ramos, G. P. Simon and G. Williams, Makromol. Chem., 1989, 190, 2463 CAS.
  28. J. J. Moura-Ramos and G. Williams, Polymer, 1991, 32, 909 CAS.
  29. S. R. Andrews, G. Williams, L. Läsker and J. Stumpe, Macromolecules, 1995, 28, 8463 CrossRef CAS.
  30. K. Araki, G. S. Attard, A. Kozak, G. Williams, G. W. Gray, D. Lacey and G. Nestor, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2, 1988, 84, 1067 RSC.
  31. R. Zentel, G. R. Strobl and H. Ringsdorf, Macromolecules, 1985, 18, 960 CrossRef CAS.
  32. F. Kremer, S. U. Vallerien, R. Zentel and H. Kapitza, Macromolecules, 1989, 22, 4040 CrossRef CAS.
  33. Z. Z. Zhong, D. E. Schuele and W. L. Gordon, Liq. Cryst., 1994, 17, 199 CAS.
  34. Z. Z. Zhong, W. L. Gordon and D. E. Schuele, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1994, 238, 129 Search PubMed.
  35. E. Novotná, S. G. Kostromin and H. Kresse, Liq. Cryst., 1995, 18, 73 CAS.
  36. A. Schönhals, U. Geβner and J. Rübner, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 1995, 196, 1671 CrossRef.
  37. A. Schönhals, D. Wolff and J. Springer, Macromolecules, 1995, 28, 6254 CrossRef.
  38. A. Schönhals, D. Wolff and J. Springer, Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1996, 2779, 424 Search PubMed.
  39. A. Schönhals, D. Wolff and J. Springer, Polym. Adv. Technol., 1996, 7, 853 CrossRef.
  40. K. Araki and G. S. Attard, Liq. Cryst., 1986, 1, 301 CAS.
  41. K. Araki, Polym. J., 1990, 22, 546 Search PubMed.
  42. K. Araki, T. Kato, U. Kumar and J. M. J. Fréchet, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 1995, 16, 733 CAS.
  43. E. Akiyama, K. Kawamura, T. Mihara, N. Matsui, Y. Nagase, K. Araki and N. Koide, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., submitted Search PubMed.
  44. G. S. Attard, J. J. Moura-Ramos, G. Williams, G. Nestor, M. S. White, G. W. Gray, D. Lacey and K. J. Toyne, Makromol. Chem., 1987, 188, 2769 CAS.
  45. R. M. Fuoss and J. G. Kirkwood, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 385 CrossRef CAS.
  46. G. B. Day, W. R. Jackson and G. P. Simon, Eur. Polym. J., 1996, 32, 1361 CrossRef CAS.
  47. M. L. Williams, R. F. Landel and J. D. Ferry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 3701 CrossRef CAS.
  48. M. Mansfield and R. H. Boyd, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 1978, 16, 1227 Search PubMed.
  49. K. S. Cole and R. H. Cole, J. Chem. Phys., 1941, 9, 341 CrossRef CAS.
  50. E. Schlosser and A. Schönhals, Polymer, 1991, 32, 2135 CAS.
  51. M. S. Dionísio, J. J. Moura-Ramos and G. Williams, Polymer, 1993, 34, 4105 CAS.
  52. N. G. McCrum, B. E. Read and G. Williams, Anelastic and Dielectric Effects in Polymer Solids, Wiley, New York, 1967 Search PubMed.
  53. C. J. F. Böttcher and P. Bordewijk, Theory of Electric Polarization, 2nd. edn., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1978, vol. 2 Search PubMed.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.