Stabilization of the merocyanine form of photochromic compounds in fluoro alcohols is due to a hydrogen bond

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Takayuki Suzuki, Fu-Tyan Lin, Satyam Priyadashy and Stephen G. Weber


Abstract

Fluoroalcohols [1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFP), 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and 2-fluoroethanol (FE)], acting as Lewis acids, stabilize the π-conjugated, colored merocyanine forms of spiropyran and spirooxazine photochromic compounds as metal ions do.


References

  1. (a) M. T. Stauffer, D. B. Knowles, C. Brennan, L. Funderburk, F.-T. Lin and S. G. Weber, Chem. Commun., 1997, 287 RSC; (b) M. J. Preigh, F. Lin, K. Z. Ismail and S. G. Weber, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 2091 RSC.
  2. J. D. Winkler, C. M. Bowen and V. Michelet, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 3237 CrossRef CAS and references cited therein.
  3. (a) F. Ciardelli, D. Fabbri, O. Pieroni and A. Fissi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 3470 CrossRef CAS; (b) A. Fissi, O. Pieroni, F. Ciardelli, D. Fabbri, G. Ruggeri and K. Umezawa, Biopolymers, 1993, 33, 1505 CrossRef CAS.
  4. (a) K. F. Purcell and S. T. Wilson, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1967, 24, 468 CrossRef CAS; (b) A. D. Sherry and K. F. Purcell, J. Phys. Chem, 1970, 74, 3535 CrossRef CAS; (c) K. F. Purcell, J. A. Stikeleather and S. D. Brunk, J. Am.Chem. Soc., 1969, 91, 4019 CrossRef CAS; (d) Y. Marcus, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1993, 22, 409 RSC; (e) M. J. Kamlet, J.-L. M. Abboud, M. H. Abraham and R. W. Taft, J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 2877 CrossRef CAS; (f) C. Reichardt, Chem. Rev., 1994, 94, 2319 CrossRef CAS.
  5. This shorthand nomenclature reflects the transoid or cisoid orientation about the partial double bonds between the former spiro carbon and the naphthalene ring.
  6. The synthesis generates about 50% each of the 1,3,3-trimethyl 5,6-dimethyl compound and 1,3,3-trimethyl 4,5-dimethyl compound. Such mixtures are not distinguishable as mixtures except by NMR spectroscopy. For example, first order processes fit a single exponential, and UV–VIS spectra do not show extra bands or shoulders compared to analogous compounds with no methyl substituents on the aromatic portion of the indole ring (positions 4, 5, 6 and 7).
  7. J. B. Jr. Flannery, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1968, 90, 5660 CrossRef; N. Y. C. Chu, Can. J. Chem., 1983, 61, 300 CAS; S. Keum, M. Hur, P. M. Kazmaier and E. Buncel, Can. J. Chem., 1991, 69, 1940 CAS.
  8. M. D. Joesten and L. J. Schaad, Hydrogen Bonding, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1974 Search PubMed; S. N. Vinogradov and R. H. Linnell, Hydrogen Bonding, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1971 Search PubMed; G. A. Jeffrey and Y. Yeon, Acta Crystallogr., 1986, B42, 410 Search PubMed.
  9. L. Eberson, M. P. Hartshorn, O. Persson and F. Radner, Chem. Commun., 1996, 2105 RSC.
  10. A full geometry optimization was carried out at the RHF level using the 6-31G* basis set with the GAUSSIAN94 package: GAUSSIAN 94, Revision D.4, M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, P. M. W. Gill, B. G. Johnson, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, T. Keith, G. A. Petersson, J. A. Montgomery, K. Raghavachari, M. A. Al-Laham, V. G. Zakrzewski, J. V. Ortiz, J. B. Foresman, J. Cioslowski, B. B. Stefanov, A. Nanayakkara, M. Challacombe, C. Y. Peng, P. Y. Ayala, W. Chen, M. W. Wong, J. L. Andres, E. S. Replogle, R. Gomperts, R. L. Martin, D. J. Fox, J. S. Binkley, D. J. Defrees, J. Baker, J. P. Stewart, M. Head-Gordon, C. Gonzalez, and J. A. Pople, Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh PA, 1995.
  11. Y. J. Chang and E. W. Castner, Jr., J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 2684; W. J. Hehre, L. Radom, P. v. R. Schelyer and J. A. Pople, Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Theory, Wiley, New York, 1986 Search PubMed.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.