Electrogenerated poly(thiophenes) with extremely narrow bandgap and high stability under n-doping cycling

Abstract

The synthesis of a poly(thiophene) polymer with an extremely narrow bandgap is described.

References

1. J. Roncali, Chem. Rev., 1997, 97, 173.
2. A. Rudge, J. Davey, I. Raistrick, S. Gottesfeld and J. P. Ferraris, J. Power Sources, 1994, 47, 89; C. Arbizzani, M. Catellani, M. Mastragostino and C. Mingazzini, Electrochim. Acta, 1995, 40, 1871.
3. S. A. Sapp, G. A. Sotzing, J. L. Reddinger and J. R. Reynolds, Adv. Mater., 1996, 8, 208.
4. F. Wudl, M. Kobayashi and A. J. Heeger, J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 3382; S. A. Jenekhe, Nature, 1986, 322, 345.
5. J. P. Ferraris and T. L. Lambert, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 1268; E. E. Havinga, W. ten Hoeve and H. Wynberg, Synth. Met., 1993, 55–57, 299; H. A. Ho, H. Brisset, P. Frère and J. Roncali, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 309.
6. J. Roncali, C. Thobie-Gautier, E. Elandaloussi and P. Frère, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2249; H. Brisset, P. Blanchard, B. Illien, A. Riou and J. Roncali, Chem. Commun., 1997, 69.
7. (a) S. Tanaka and Y. Yamashita, Synth. Met., 1995, 69, 599; (b) S. Tanaka and Y. Yamashita, Chem. Mater., 1996, 8, 570.
8. P. Bäuerle and S. Scheib, Adv. Mater, 1993, 5, 848; L. Huchet, S. Akoudad and J. Roncali, Adv. Mater., 1998, 10, 541.
9. M. Pomerantz, B. Chalonger-Gill, L. O. Harding, J. J. Tseng and W. Pomerantz, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 1672.
10. F. Jonas and L. Schrader, Synth. Met., 1991, 41–43, 831; G. Heywang and F. Jonas, Adv. Mater., 1992, 4, 116.
11. R. Mozingo, S. A. Harris, D. E. Wolf, C. E. Hoffhine, Jr., N. R. Easton and K. Folkers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1945, 67, 2092.
12. S. Akoudad and J. Roncali, Synth. Met., 1998, 93, 111.
13. M. Kobayashi, N. Colaneri, M. Boysel, F. Wudl and A. J. Heeger, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 82, 5717.
14. J. Kastner, H. Kuzmany, D. Vegh, M. Landl, L. Cuff and M. Kertesz, Macromolecules, 1995, 28, 2922; L. Cuff and M. Kertesz, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 5541.