Polystyrene supports for vanadium ethylene polymerisation catalysts

Abstract

Amino-functionalised polystyrene resins have been synthesised and used as well-defined supports for imidovanadium ethylene polymerisation catalysts; a dramatic enhancement in the lifetime and productivity of the supported catalysts compared to their unsupported (homogeneous) analogues is found.

References

1. See, for example, K. B. Sinclair and R. B. Wilson, Chem. Ind., 1994, 857; A. M. Thayer, Chem. Eng. News, Sept. 11, 1995, 15; R. G. Harvan, Chem. Ind., 1997, 212.
2. R. F. Jordan, W. E. Dasher and S. F. Echols, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 1718; R. F. Jordan, C. S. Bajgur, R. Willett and B. Scott, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 7410; R. F. Jordan, R. E. LaPointe, C. S. Bajgur, S. F. Echols and R. Willett, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 4111; G. G. Hlatky, H. W. Turner and R. R. Eckman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 2728; S. L. Borkowsky, R. F. Jordan and G. D. Hinch, Organometallics, 1991, 10, 1268; M. Bochmann, A. J. Jaggar and J. C. Nicholls, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1990, 29, 780; M. Bochmann and A. J. Jaggar, J. Organomet. Chem., 1992, 424, C5; M. Bochmann and S. J. Lancaster, Organometallics, 1993, 12, 633; X. Yang, C. L. Stern and T. J. Marks, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 3623.
3. H. Sinn, W. Kaminsky, H.-J. Vollmer and R. Woldt, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1980, 19, 390; W. Kaminsky, M. Miri, H. Sinn and R. Woldt, Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun., 1983, 4, 417; W. Kaminsky and H. Luker, Makromol. Chem. Rapid Commun., 1984, 5, 225.
4. B. C. Gates, J. R. Katzer and G. C. A. Schuit, Chemistry of Catalytic Processes, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979.
5. M. P. McDaniel, Adv. Catal., 1985, 33, 47; A. Clark, Catal. Rev., 1969, 3, 145; F. J. Karol, G. L. Brown and J. M. Davidson, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 1973, 11, 413; F. J. Karol, G. L. Karapinka, C. Wu, A. W. Dow, R. N. Johnson and W. L. Carrick, J. Polym. Sci., Part A-1, 1972, 10, 2621.
6. See, for example, J. Lieto, D. Milstein, R. L. Albright, J. V. Minkiewicz and B. C. Gates, Chemtech., 1983, 46.
7. Polymer-supported reactions in organic synthesis, ed. P. Hodge and D. C. Sherrington, Wiley, New York, 1980.
8. A. B. Furtek, N. J. Warren and R. S. Shinomoto(Mobil Oil Corp.), US Pat. 5 362 824, 1995.
9. R. H. Grubbs, Chemtech., 1977, 512.
10. M. P. Coles and V. C. Gibson, Polym. Bull., 1994, 33, 529.
11. M. C. W. Chan, J. M. Cole, V. C. Gibson and J. A. K. Howard, Chem. Commun., 1997, 2345.
12. P. W. Dyer, V. C. Gibson, E. L. Marshall, W. Clegg, M. J. Elsegood and A. Bell, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2247; P. W. Dyer, V. C. Gibson, E. L. Marshall, W. Clegg, M. J. Elsegood and A. Bell, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2547; M. P. Coles, C. I. Dalby, V. C. Gibson, W. Clegg and M. R. J. Elsegood, Polyhedron, 1995, 14, 2455.
13. K. Suzuki, K. Yamaguchi, A. Hirao and S. Nakahama, Macromolecules, 1998, 22, 2607.