Kinetic approach to the chemical speciation of trace metals in soils†

Abstract

The reactivity of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) present in two polluted soils was studied using two extractants, EDTA and hydroxylamine. As the classical chemical speciation of trace metals in soils when using these reagents seems to be unreliable (readsorption phenomena, non-selectivity of chemical reagents, soil/solution ratio, etc.), we applied two different kinetic approaches to the results in order to determine the speciation of trace metals in the two soil samples studied. The advantages of and problems with these approaches are discussed.

References

1. J. M. Florence, Talanta, 1982, 29, 345.
2. U. Förstner, Int. J. Environ. Chem., 1992, 51, 5.
3. L. Charlet and A. Manceau, Environ. Anal., Phys. Chem. Ser., 1993, 2, 118.
4. A. Manceau, L. Charlet, M. C. Boisset, B. Didier and L. Spadini, Appl. Clay Sci., 1992, 7, 201.
5. P. H. T. Beckett, in Advances in Soil Science, ed. Steward, B. A., Springer, New York, 1988, pp.144-171.
6. D. L. Lake, P. W. W. Kirk and J. W. Lester, J. Environ. Qual., 1984, 13, 175.
7. P. Quevauviller, G. Rauret, H. Muntau, A. M. Ure, R. Rubio, J. L. Lopez-Sanchez, H. D. Fiedler and B. Griepink, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1994, 349, 808.
8. G. Rauret, R. Rubio and J. F. Lopez-Sanchez, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1994, 286, 423.
9. G. Rauret, R. Rubio and J. F. Lopez-Sanchez, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 1993, 36, 69.
10. A. Tessier, P. G. C. Campbell and M. Bisson, Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 844.
11. L. M. Shuman, Soil Sci., 1985, 140, 11.
12. A. Bermond, Environ. Technol., 1992, 13, 1175.
13. A. Bermond and K. Benzined, Water Air Soil Pollut., 1991, 57, 883.
14. C. Kheboian and C. F. Bauer, Anal. Chem., 1987, 59, 1417.
15. W. P. Miller, D. C. Martens and L. W. Zelazny, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 1986, 50, 598.
16. P. S. Rendell, G. E. Batley and A. J. Cameron, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1980, 14, 314.
17. C. Whalley and A. Grant, in Heavy Metals in the Environment, ed. Allan, R. J., and Niagru, J. O., CEP Consultants, Toronto, 1993, pp. 286–299.
18. P. M. V. Nirel and F. M. M. Morel, Water Res., 1990, 24, 1055.
19. T. U. Auliitia and W. F. Pickering, Talanta, 1988, 35, 559.
20. K. P. Whittall, in Signal Treatment and Signal Analysis in NMR, ed. Rutledge, D. N., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1996, pp. 46–49.
21. I. Yousfi and A. Bermond, Environ. Technol., 1997, 18, 139.
22. A. Bermond and C. Malenfant, Sci. Sol., 1990, 28, 43.
23. C. Juste and M. Mench, in Biogeochemistry of Trace Metals, ed. Adriano, D., Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, 1994, pp. 159–165.
24. J. P. Ghestem and A. Bermond, Environ. Technol., in the press.
25. D. W. Gutzman and C. H. Langford, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1993, 27, 1388.
26. N. M. Romiguin and E. N. Ropiguina, in Consecutive Chemical Reactions, ed. Scheider, R. F., Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ, 1964, pp. 136–143.