Effects of incorporated lead and chlorine on the oxidation of ethane on strontium hydroxyapatites

Abstract

The oxidation of ethane in the presence and absence of tetrachloromethane (TCM) has been examined at 773 K on strontium hydroxyapatite (SrHAp). Introduction of lead in strontium hydroxyapatite resulted in the enhancement of the formation of the deep oxidation product CO₂ in the absence of TCM. On addition of TCM to the ethane conversion feedstream, the conversion of ethane and the selectivity to CO₂ decreased with increasing time-on-stream while the selectivity to ethene markedly increased. Although chlorides together with chlorapatites formed from the corresponding hydroxyapatites during the oxidation are believed to be responsible for the effects produced by the addition of TCM, the participation of non-structural chlorine cannot be excluded.

References

1. J. A. S. Bett, L. G. Christner and W. K. Hall, J. Catal., 1969, 13, 332.
2. C. L. Kibby and W. K. Hall, J. Catal., 1973, 29, 144.
3. C. L. Kibby and W. K. Hall, J. Catal., 1973, 31, 65.
4. H. Monma, J. Catal., 1982, 75, 200.
5. Y. Imizu, M. Kadoya and H. Abe, Chem. Lett., 1982, 415.
6. Y. Izumi, S. Sato and K. Urabe, Chem. Lett., 1983, 1649.
7. Y. Matsumura and J. B. Moffat, Catal. Lett., 1993, 17, 197.
8. Y. Matsumura and J. B. Moffat, J. Catal., 1994, 148, 323.
9. S. Sugiyama, T. Minami, H. Hayashi, M. Tanaka, N. Shigemoto and J. B. Moffat, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1996, 92, 293.
10. S. Sugiyama, T. Minami, T. Moriga, H. Hayashi, K. Koto, M. Tanaka and J. B. Moffat, J. Mater. Chem., 1996, 6, 459.
11. S. Sugiyama, T. Minami, H. Hayashi, M. Tanaka, N. Shigemoto and J. B. Moffat, Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, 828.
12. Y. Matsumura, S. Sugiyama, H. Hayashi, N. Shigemoto, K. Saitoh and J. B. Moffat, J. Mol. Catal., 1994, 92, 81.
13. S. Sugiyama, T. Minami, H. Hayashi, M. Tanaka and J. B. Moffat, J. Solid State Chem., 1996, 126, 242.
14. S. Sugiyama, T. Minami, T. Higaki, H. Hayashi and J. B. Moffat, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1997, 36, 328.
15. Y. Matsumura, J. B. Moffat, S. Sugiyama, H. Hayashi, N. Shigemoto and K. Saitoh, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1994, 90, 2133.
16. Y. Matsumura, S. Sugiyama, H. Hayashi and J. B. Moffat, Catal. Lett., 1995, 30, 235.
17. Y. Matsumura, S. Sugiyama, H. Hayashi and J. B. Moffat, J. Solid State Chem., 1995, 114, 138.
18. K. Otsuka, K. Jinno and A. Morikawa, Chem. Lett., 1985, 499.
19. W. Bytyn and M. Baerns, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 1987, 35, 49.
20. K. Asami, S. Hashimoto, T. Shikada, K. Fujimoto and H. Tominaga, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1987, 26, 1485.
21. J. M. Thomas, W. Ueda, J. Williams and K. D. M. Harris, Faraday Discuss., Chem. Soc., 1987, 87, 33.
22. K. C. C. Kharas and J. H. Lunsford, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 2336.
23. S. K. Agarwal, R. A. Migone and G. Marcelin, J. Catal., 1990, 123, 228.
24. K. Aika, N. Fujimoto, M. Kobayashi and E. Iwamatsu, J. Catal., 1991, 127, 1.
25. T. Ohno and J. B. Moffat, Catal. Lett., 1992, 16, 181.
26. J. S. Chang and S.-E. Park, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 1995, 16, 1148.
27. J. B. Moffat, S. Sugiyama and H. Hayashi, Catal. Today, 1997, 37, 15.
28. S. Sugiyama, T. Minami, T. Moriga, H. Hayashi and J. B. Moffat, J. Solid State Chem., in press.
29. S. Sugiyama, Y. Iguchi, T. Minami, H. Hayashi and J. B. Moffat, Catal. Lett., 1997, 46, 279.
30. S. Sugiyama, Y. Iguchi, H. Nishioka, T. Minami, T. Moriga, H. Hayashi and J. B. Moffat, J. Catal., submitted.
31. S. Sugiyama, N. Kondo, K. Satomi, H. Hayashi and J. B. Moffat, J. Mol. Catal., 1995, 95, 35.
32. S. Sugiyama, K. Satomi, H. Hayashi, M. Tanaka and J. B. Moffat, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 1995, 28, 204.
33. S. Sugiyama, K. Satomi, H. Hayashi and J. B. Moffat, J. Mol. Catal. A, 1996, 105, 39.
34. S. Sugiyama, K. Sogabe, T. Miyamoto, H. Hayashi and J. B. Moffat, Catal. Lett., 1996, 42, 127.
35. S. Sugiyama, T. Miyamoto, H. Hayashi, M. Tanaka and J. B. Moffat, J. Mol. Catal. A, 1997, 118, 129.
36. S. Sugiyama, T. Moriga, M. Goda, H. Hayashi and J. B. Moffat, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1996, 92, 4306.