Transition-metal oxide pillared clays

Abstract

Manganese(iii) pillared montmorillonite samples have been prepared by intercalating the trinuclear manganese(iii) acetate complex {[Mn₃O(COOCH₃ )₆(H₂O)₃ ]⁺CH₃COO^- } between the silicate layers of both Na-exchanged (NaMont) and acid-activated montmorillonite (HMont), and characterised by different techniques. As far as the intercalation is concerned, the multistep ion-exchange process gave better loading of the complex in comparison to the single-step process. FTIR analysis shows the presence of a bidentate acetate group inside the silicate layer which decomposes at 300 °C. Materials prepared from both clays are thermally stable up to 500 °C, with basal spacings of 17.1 and 16.9 Å and surface areas of 280 and 268 m² g^-1 , (NaMont, HMont respectively). Although the acid-activated pillared montmorillonite shows low uptake of the complex and low surface area, the resultant material has higher pore volume and acidity in comparison to the product from the Na-exchanged material. Samples prepared from acid-activated clays possess both micropores and mesopores (average pore diameter 41 Å) while those prepared from Na-exchanged clays show predominately uniform small pores with an average pore diameter of 33 Å.

References

1. Pillared Layered Structures: Current Trends and Applications, ed. I. V. Mitchell, Elsevier, London, 1990.
2. R. Birch and C. I. Warburton, J. Catal., 1986, 97, 511.
3. Toyo Soda Mfg. Co., Jpn. Pat., JP 8083635, 1983.
4. F. Figueras, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 1988, 30, 456.
5. J. M. Adams, Appl. Clay Sci., 1987, 2, 309.
6. S. Yamanaka and G. W. Brindley, Clays Clay Miner., 1987, 26, 21.
7. M. L. Ocelli and R. M. Tindwa, Clays Clay Miner., 1983, 31, 22.
8. G. J. J. Bartley and R. Burch, Appl. Catal., 1985, 19, 175.
9. J. Sterte, Clays Clay Miner., 1986, 34, 658.
10. M. A. Martin-Luengo, H. Martins-Carvalho, J. Ladriere and P. Grange, Clay. Miner., 1989, 24, 495.
11. A. Jimenez-Lopez, J. Maza-Rodriguez, P. Olivera-Pustor, A. Maireles-Torres and E. Rodriguez-Castellon, Clays Clay Miner., 1993, 41, 328.
12. T. J. Pinnavaia and P. K. Welty, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 3819.
13. S. P. Christiano, J. Wang and T. J. Pinnavaia, abstract from 19th Annual Meeting of the Clay Minerals Society, Hilo, Hawaii, 1982.
14. F. Tsvetkov and J. White, Chem. Mater., 1989, 1, 149.
15. K. M. Parida, T. Mishra and S. B. Rao, Ind. Pat. application.
16. J. R. Gilmore and J. M. Mellor, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1971, 2355.
17. R. W. McCabe, in Inorganic Materials, ed. D. W. Bruce and D. O'Hare, Wiley, Chichester, 1992, p. 296.
18. R. Mokaya and W. Jones, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 929.
19. R. Mokaya and W. Jones, J. Catal., 1995, 153, 76.
20. T. Mishra, K. M. Parida and S. B. Rao, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1996, 182 in press.
21. J. Bovey and W. Jones, J. Mater Chem., 1995, 5, 2027.
22. P. J. Andrulis, P. J. Dewar, R. Dietz and R. L. Hunt, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, 5433.
23. K. S. W. Sing, D. H. Eerett, R. A. W. Haul, L. Moscou, R. A. Pierotti and J. Rouquerol, Pure Appl. Chem., 1985, 57, 603.
24. J. Seifert and G. Emig, Int. Chem. Eng., 1991, 31, 29.
25. A. Lecloux, Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege, Ser. 6 1971, vol. 1, p. 4 169.
26. S. J. Gregg, in Adsorption at the gas–solid and liquid–solid interface, ed. J. Rouquerol and K. S. W. Sing, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982, p. 153.
27. K. S. W. Sing, in Surface Area Determination, ed. D. H. Everett and R. H. Ottewill, Butterworths, London, 1970, p. 25.
28. K. M. Parida, P. K. Satapathy, A. K. Sahoo and N. N. Das, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1995, 175, 112.
29. K. M. Parida and T. Mishra, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1996, 179, 233.
30. P. Maireles-Torres, P. Oliver-Pastor, E. Rodriguex-Castellon, A. Jumenez-Lopez and A. A. G. Tomlinson, J. Mater. Chem., 1991, 1, 739.
31. K. Nakamoto, Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, 4th edn., Wiley, New York, 1986.
32. S. Brunauer, D. W. Demming, L. S. Demming and E. Teller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 1723.
33. S. J. Gregg and K. S. W. Sing, Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity, 2nd edn., Academic Press, London, 1982.
34. E. P. Barret, L. G. Juyner and P. P. Halenda, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73, 373.
35. M. R. Basila and T. R. Kantner, J. Phys. Chem., 1967, 71, 467.
36. H. C. Brown and R. B. Johanneson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1953, 75, 16.
37. D. Tichit, F. Fajula, F. Figueras, C. Guegen and J. Bousquet, Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Pet. Chem., 1987, 32, 647.
38. T. Mishra, K. M. Parida and S. B. Rao, J. Catal, submitted.