Quantum control of chemical reactions

Abstract

Coherent control provides a quantum-interference based method for controlling chemical reactions. This theory, and its applications to a variety of processes, including branching photodissociation reactions (of such systems as IBr, DOH and Na₂) and symmetry breaking (in such molecules as H₂O) leading to the possibility of asymmetric synthesis of chiral products, are reviewed. Computations based on the control scenarios amply demonstrate that a wide range of yield control is possible under suitable laboratory conditions and a recent experiment on the control of the Na(3d)/Na(3p) product ratio in the Na₂ two-photon dissociation reviewed here proves this point. Theoretical suggestions for controlling bimolecular exchange reactions and other collisional events, via intervention during the collision event (laser catalysis), or before it (pre-reaction control), are discussed.

References

1. P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1986, 126, 541.
2. M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 84, 4103.
3. P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1986, 82, 177.
4. M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 84, 4103.
5. C. Asaro, P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1988, 60, 1634.
6. M. Shapiro, J. Hepburn and P. Brumer, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1988, 149, 451.
7. P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 6179.
8. G. Kurizki, M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, Phys. Rev. B, 1989, 39, 3435.
9. T. Seideman, M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 7136.
10. J. Krause, M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 1126.
11. I. Levy, M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 2493.
12. M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 8658.
13. P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1992, 43, 257.
14. M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 6259.
15. Z. Chen, P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1992, 198, 498.
16. X.-P. Jiang, P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 104, 607.
17. J. Dods, P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, Can. J. Chem., 1994, 72, 958.
18. D. J. Tannor and S. A. Rice, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 5013; D. Tannor, R. Kosloff and S. A. Rice, Chem. Phys., 1986, 85, 5805.
19. S. A. Rice, D. J. Tannor and R. Kosloff, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1986, 82, 2423.
20. D. J. Tannor and S. A. Rice, Adv. Chem. Phys., 1988, 70, 441.
21. R. Kosloff, S. A. Rice, P. Gaspard, S. Tersigni and D. J. Tannor, Chem. Phys., 1989, 139, 201.
22. S. Tersigni, P. Gaspard and S. A. Rice, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 1670.
23. S. Shi, A. Woody and H. Rabitz, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 6870; S. Shi and H. Rabitz, Chem. Phys., 1989, 139, 185.
24. A. P. Peirce, M. Dahleh and H. Rabitz, Phys. Rev. A., 1988, 37, 4950.
25. S. Shi and H. Rabitz, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 364.
26. J. L. Krause, R. M. Whitnell, K. R. Wilson, Y. Yan and S. Mukamel, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 99, 6562.
27. W. Jakubetz, B. Just, J. Manz and H.-J. Schreier, J. Phys. Chem., 1990, 94, 2294.
28. C. Chen, Y.-Y. Yin and D. S. Elliott, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990, 64, 507; 1990, 65, 1737.
29. S. M. Park, S.-P. Lu and R. J. Gordon, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 94, 8622; S.-P. Lu, S. M. Park, Y. Xie and R. J. Gordon, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 96, 6613.
30. L. Zhu, V. Kleiman, X. Li, S.-P. Lu, K. Trentelman and R. J. Gordon, Science, 1995, 270, 77.
31. N. F. Scherer, A. J. Ruggiero, M. Du and G. R. Fleming, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 856.
32. K. J. Boller, A. Imamoglu and S. E. Harris, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1991, 66, 2593.
33. B. A. Baranova, A. N. Chudinov and B. Ya Zel'dovitch, Opt. Commun., 1990, 79, 116.
34. Y.-Y. Yin, C. Chen, D. S. Elliott and A. V. Smith, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992, 69, 2353.
35. E. Dupont, P. B. Corkum, H. C. Liu, M. Buchanan and Z. R. Wasilewski, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1995, 74, 3596.
36. B. Sheeny, B. Walker and L. F. Dimauro, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1995, 74, 4799.
37. Y.-Y. Yin, R. Shehadeh, D. Elliott and E. Grant, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1995, 241, 591.
38. A. Shnitman, I. Sofer, I. Golub, A. Yogev, M. Shapiro, Z. Chen and P. Brumer, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1996, 76, 2886.
39. For a discussion see, e.g. J. D. Macomber, The Dynamics of Spectroscopic Transitions, Wiley, New York, 1976.
40. J. R. Taylor, Scattering Theory, Wiley, New York, 1972.
41. Z. Chen, M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1994, 228, 289; J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 102, 5683; Phys. Rev. A., 1995, 52, 2225.
42. Z. Chen, P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 684.
43. S. Chelkowski and A. D. Bandrauk, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 186, 284; A. D. Bandrauk, J. M. Gauthier and J. F. McCann, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1992, 200, 399.
44. A. Szöke, K. C. Kulander and J. N. Bardsley, J. Phys. B, 1991, 24, 3165; R. M. Potvliege and P. H. G. Smith, J. Phys. B, 1992, 25, 2501.
45. E. Charron, A. Guisti-Suzor and F. H. Mies, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1993, 71, 692.
46. R. Blank and M. Shapiro, Phys. Rev. A, 1995, 52, 4278.
47. S. Chelkowski, A. D. Bandrauk and P. B. Corkum, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990, 65, 2355.
48. P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, unpublished work.
49. M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 201.
50. N. E. Henriksen and B. Amstrup, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993, 213, 65; J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 97, 8285.
51. I. Levy and M. Shapiro, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 89, 2900.
52. R. Bavli and H. Metiu, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992, 69, 1986.
53. M. Yu Ivanov, P. B. Corkum and P. Dietrich, Laser Phys., 1993, 3, 375.
54. L. D. Baron, Molecular Light Scattering and Optical Activity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982; R. G. Woolley, Adv. Phys., 1975, 25, 27; Origins of Optical Activity in Nature, ed. D. C. Walker, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979.
55. For a discussion see, L. D. Barron, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1986, 15, 189.
56. J. M. Hollas, High Resolution Spectroscopy, Butterworths, London, 1982.
57. E. Segev and M. Shapiro, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 77, 5604.
58. T. Nakajima and P. Lambropoulos, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1993, 70, 1081.
59. P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, Adv. Chem. Phys., 1986, 60, 371.
60. M. Shapiro and H. Bony, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 1588; G. G. Balint-Kurti and M. Shapiro, Adv. Chem. Phys., 1986, 60, 403.
61. A. D. Bandrauk and O. Atabek, Adv. Chem. Phys., 1989, 73, 823.
62. I. Schmidt, Ph.D. Thesis, Kaiserslautern University, 1987.
63. Z. Chen, M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 8647.
64. Z. Chen, P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, Chem. Phys., in press.
65. (a) T. F. George, I. H. Zimmerman, J.-M. Yuan, J. R. Laing and P. L. DeVries, Acc. Chem. Res., 1977, 10, 449; (b) P. L. DeVries and T. F. George, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1979, 67, 129.
66. A. E. Orel and W. H. Miller, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1978, 57, 362; J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 4393; 1980, 73, 241.
67. J. C. Light and A. Altenberger-Siczek, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 4109.
68. M. Mohan, K. F. Milfeld and R. E. Wyatt, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1983, 99, 411.
69. (a) I. Last, M. Baer, I. H. Zimmerman and T. F. George, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1983, 101, 163; (b) M. Baer, I. Last and Y. Shima, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1984, 110, 163; (c) I. Last and M. Baer, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 82, 4954.
70. J. C. Peploski and L. Eno, J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 2948; 1988, 88, 6303.
71. M. Shapiro and Y. Zeiri, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 85, 6449.
72. T. Seideman, J. L. Krause and M. Shapiro, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1990, 173, 169.
73. (a) T. Seideman and M. Shapiro, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 5525; (b) M. Shapiro and T. Seideman, in Large Finite Systems, ed. J. Jortner and B. Pullman, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1987, p. 361.
74. T. Seideman and M. Shapiro, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 2328.
75. J. L. Krause, M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 1126.
76. M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1996, 77, 2594.
77. D. Holmes, M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 9162.
78. See e.g. A. H. Zewail, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1991, 91, 207; T. Baumert, B. Buhler, M. Grosser, V. Weiss and G. Gerber, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 8103; W. T. Pollard and R. A. Mathies, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1992, 43, 497; U. Banin and S. Ruhman, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 99, 9318.
79. P. Brumer and M. Shapiro, Chem. Phys., 1989, 139, 221.
80. J. R. Taylor, Scattering Theory, Wiley, New York, 1972.
81. R. B. Walker, Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange.
82. J. C. Light and R. B. Walker, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 4272.
83. G. C. Schatz and A. Kupperman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1975, 35, 1266.