Aqueous Sample Direct Extraction and Analysis by Membrane Extraction With a Sorbent Interface†

(Note: The full text of this document is currently only available in the PDF Version )

Yu Z. Luo, Marc Adams and J. Pawliszyn


Abstract

A mathematical model was developed for aqueous sample analysis by membrane extraction with a sorbent interface (MESI). The model used in this paper includes the consideration of boundary layers which are located inside and outside of the membrane. In this study, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, trichloroethylene and hexane were the standard test analytes. Distribution constants of these analytes between the membrane and water were measured. Some significant parameters were investigated, such as agitation, temperature and headspace effect. Good agreement was found between the model and the experimental results.


References

  1. T. Lotiaho, F. R. Lauritsen, T. K. Choudhury, R. G. Cooks and G. T. Tsao, Anal. Chem., 1991, 63, 875A CAS.
  2. F. R. Lauritsen, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1990, 95, 259 CrossRef CAS.
  3. H. N. Carlsen, L. Jørgensen and H. Degn, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 1991, 35, 124 CrossRef CAS.
  4. M. A. LapPack, J. C. Tou and C. G. Enke, Anal. Chem., 1990, 62, 1265 CrossRef CAS.
  5. V. T. Virkki, R. A. Ketola, M. Ojala, T. Kotiaho, V. Komppa, A. Grove and S. Faccchetti, Anal. Chem., 1995, 67, 1421 CrossRef CAS.
  6. J. Å. Jönsson and L. Mathiasson, Trends Anal. Chem., 1992, 11, 106 CrossRef.
  7. B. Lindegråd, J. Å. Jönsson and L. Mathiasson, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 573, 191.
  8. E. Thordarson, S. Pálmarsdóttir, L. Mathiasson and J. Å. Jönsson, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 2559 CrossRef CAS.
  9. M. J. Yang, S. Harms, Y. Z. Luo and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1994, 66, 1339 CrossRef CAS.
  10. M. J. Yang, Y. Z. Luo and J. Pawliszyn, Chemtech., 1994, 24, 31 CAS.
  11. K. F. Pratt and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1992, 64, 2101 CrossRef CAS.
  12. K. F. Pratt and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1992, 64, 2107 CrossRef CAS.
  13. S. Mitra, L. Zhang, N. Zhu and X. Guo, J. Chromatogr., 1996, 736, 165 CrossRef CAS.
  14. B. V. Burger, W. J. G. Burger and I. Burger, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 571 CAS.
  15. M. J. Yang and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 2538 CAS.
  16. E. K. Ortner and E. R. Rohwer, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 336.
  17. M. J. Yang, M. Adams and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 2782 CrossRef CAS.
  18. Y. Z. Luo, M. Adams and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., in the press Search PubMed.
  19. Transfer Processes, ed. Edwards, K., Dennry, V. E., and Mills, A. F., Hemisphere Publishing, New York, 2nd edn., 1978 Search PubMed.
  20. P. A. Martos and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1996, 69, 206 CrossRef CAS.
  21. H. S. Carslaw and J. C. Jaeger, Conduction of Heat in Solids, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2nd edn., 1986, section 13.4 Search PubMed.
  22. Maple V Release 4, Waterloo Maple, Waterloo, Canada, 1996 Search PubMed.
  23. J. Pawliszyn, SPME, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1997 Search PubMed.
  24. W. Hayduk and H. Laudie, AIChE J., 1974, 20, 611 CrossRef CAS.
  25. G. A. Lugg, Anal. Chem., 1968, 40, 1072 CrossRef CAS.
  26. W. Jost, Diffusion in Solids, Liquids, Gases, Academic Press, New York, 1960, p. 412 Search PubMed.
  27. V. G. Berezkin, A. A. Korolev and I. V. Maluykova, Proc. Int. Symp. Capillary Chromatogr., 18th, 1996, pp. 396–404 Search PubMed.
  28. Diffusion in Polymers, ed. Crank, J., and Park, G. S., Academic Press, London, 1968 Search PubMed.
  29. L. Pan, M. Adams and J. Pawliszyn, Anal. Chem., 1995, 67, 4396 CrossRef CAS.
  30. Z. Zhang and J. Pawliszyn, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 1996, 2, 155.
  31. J. Langenfeld, S. Hawthorne and D. Miller, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 144 CrossRef CAS.
  32. R. K. Freier, Aqueous Solutions, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1976 Search PubMed.
  33. G. L. Klunder and R. E. Russo, Appl. Spectrosc., 1995, 49, 379 CAS.
  34. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, McGraw-Hill, 1997, vol. 12, pp. 124–126 Search PubMed.
Click here to see how this site uses Cookies. View our privacy policy here.