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DOI: 10.1039/A701038I (Paper) Reference Section for: Analyst, 1997, 122, 815-819

Miniaturized Graphite Sensors Doped With Metal–Bathophenanthroline Complexes for the Selective Potentiometric Determination of Uric Acid in Biological Fluids

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Saad S. M. Hassan and Nashwa M. H. Rizk

Abstract

Miniaturized poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane sensors in an all-solid-state graphite support, responsive to urate anion, were developed. The membranes incorporate lipophilic ion-pair complexes of urate anion with ruthenium(III), iron(II), nickel(II) and copper(I) bathophenanthroline (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) counter cations. The sensors demonstrate a near-Nernstian response to urate over the concentration range 1 × 10-2–1 × 10-5 mol l-1 and have micromolar detection limits and good selectivity properties. The response is virtually unaffected by pH changes in the range 7–10 and the response times are 5–10 s in aqueous solutions and in human serum and urine samples. A flow injection detector incorporating an iron(II) bathophenanthroline–urate graphite sensor was used for continuous monitoring of uric acid. The minimum detectable concentration was approximately 8 µg ml-1 and the sample throughput was approximately 120 h-1. Direct potentiometric determination of uric acid in the static and hydrodynamic modes of operation over the range 15 µg ml-1–1.5 mg ml-1 showed average recoveries of 98.7 and 97.8% with RSDs of 0.6 and 0.7%, respectively. Application of the method to the determination of uric acid in human serum and urine gave results that compared favourably with those obtained by the standard spectrophotometric method.

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