Analytical Chemistry of Fruit BioflavonoidsA Review

Abstract

References

1. T. Patel, New Sci., 1994, 142(May 21), 26.
2. J.-J. Macheix, A. Fleuriet and J. Billot, Fruit Phenolics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1990.
3. The Flavonoids: Advances in Research, ed. Harborne, J. B. and Mabry, T. J., Chapman and Hall, London, 1982.
4. J. B. Harborne and C. A. Williams, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1995, 12, 639.
5. Flavonoids: Advances in Research Since 1986, ed. Harborne, J. B., Chapman and Hall, London, 1994.
6. Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Vol. 1. Plant Phenolics, ed. Harborne, J. B., Academic Press, London, 1989.
7. The Flavonoids: Advances in Research, ed. Harborne, J. B., Chapman and Hall, London, 1988, vol. 2.
8. J. W. McClure, in Physiology and Functions of Flavonoids. The Flavonoids, ed. Harborne, J. B., Mabry, I. J., and Mabry, H., Academic Press, New York, 1975, pp. 970–1055.
9. J. B. Harborne, Acta Hort., 1994, 381, 36.
10. U. Matern and B. Grimmig, Acta Hort., 1994, 381, 448.
11. G. Forkmann, in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Groupe Polyphenols, Lisbon, 1992, vol. 16, pp. 19–27.
12. M.-A. Lacaille-Dubois and H. Wagner, in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Groupe Polyphenols, Lisbon, 1992, vol. 16, pp. 217–228.
13. J. C. Wallet, E. M. Gaydou, N. Cotelle, J. L. Bernier, J. P. Henichart and J. P. Catteau, in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Groupe Polyphenols, Lisbon, 1992, vol. 16, pp. 343–345.
14. S. Kamiya, S. Esaki and G. Konishi, Agric. Biol. Chem., 1979, 43, 1529.
15. R. L. Rouseff, ACS Symp. Ser., 143, 1980, 83.
16. K. Herrmann, Chem. Mikrobiol. Technol. Lebensm., 1970, 12, 161.
17. Plant Flavonoids in Biology and Medicine. II: Biochemical, Cellular and Medicinal Properties. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, vol. 280, ed. Cody, V., Middleton, E., Harborne, J. B., and Beretz, A., Alan R. Liss, New York, 1988.
18. A. Ortuno, D. Garcia-Puig, M. D. Fuster, M. L. Perez, F. Sabater, I. Porras, A. Garcia-Lidon and J. A. Del Rio, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 1.
19. G. L. Park, S. M. Avery, J. L. Byers and D. B. Nelson, Food Technol., 1983, 37(7), 98.
20. N. C. Cook and S. Samman, J. Nutr. Biochem., 1996, 7(2), 66.
21. W. E. Bronner and G. R. Beecher, J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 705, 247.
22. The Chemistry of Flavonoid Compounds, ed. Geissman, T. A., Macmillan, New York, 1962.
23. K. R. Markham, Techniques of Flavonoid Identification, Academic Press. London, 1982.
24. T. Swain, in Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigments, ed. Goodwin, T. W., Academic Press, London, 2nd edn., 1976, p. 425.
25. E. Wollenweber and V. H. Dietz, Phytochemistry, 1981, 20, 869.
26. L. J. Porter, in The Flavonoids: Advances in Research Since 1986, ed. Harborne, J. B., Chapman and Hall, London, 1994, p. 27.
27. K. Saini and S. Ghosal, Phytochemistry, 1984, 23, 2415.
28. H. Smith, in Phytochrome, ed. Mitrakos, K., and Shropshire, W., Academic Press, London, 1972, p. 433.
29. G. Mazza and E. Miniati, Anthocyanins in Fruits, Vegetables and Grains, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, MI, 1992.
30. J. B. Harborne, Phytochemical Methods, Chapman and Hall, London, 2nd edn., 1984.
31. H. D. Martin, Chimia, 1995, 49(3), 45.
32. K. O. Muller, Recent Adv. Bot., 1961, 1, 396.
33. J. Kuc, Acta Hort., 1994, 381, 526.
34. K. Takeda, Y. Tochika, R. Fukazawa and T. Mori, Acta Hort., 1994, 381, 348.
35. M. Monici, P. Baglioni, N. Mulinacci, A. Baldi and F. F. Vincieri, Acta Hort., 1994, 381, 340.
36. J. Chappell and K. Hahlbrock, Nature (London), 1984, 311, 76.
37. K. Hahlbrock, J. Ebel, R. Ortman, A. Sutter, E. Wellmann and H. Griseback, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1971, 244, 7.
38. M. Sato, N. Ramarathnam, Y. Suzuki, T. Ohkubo, M. Takeuchi and H. Ochi, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 37.
39. E. Middleton, Jr., in ImmonoPharmaceuticals, ed. Kimball, E. S., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1996, pp. 227–257; Chem. Abstr., 1996, 124, 219171.
40. B. E. Leibovitz and J. A. Mueller, J. Opt. Nutr., 1993, 2(1), 17.
41. F. D. Dakora, Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 1995, 22(1), 87.
42. K. Raghavan, J. K. Buolamwini, M. R. Fesen, Y. Pommier, K. W. Kohn and J. N. Weinstein, J. Med. Chem., 1995, 38, 890.
43. A. Das, J. H. Wang and E. J. Lien, Prog. Drug Res., 1994, 42, 133.
44. L. U. Thompson, Food Res. Int., 1993, 26(2), 131.
45. M. A. Read, Am. J. Pathol., 1995, 147, 235.
46. R. Ficarra, P. Ficarra, S. Tommasini, M. L. Calabro, S. Ragusa, R. Barbera and A. Rapisarda, Farmaco, 1995, 50, 245.
47. I. Morel, G. Lescoat, P. Cillaed and J. Cillard, Methods Enzymol., 1994, 234, 437.
48. H. Wiseman, J. Nutr. Biochem., 1996, 7(1), 2.
49. R. Solimani, F. Bayon, I. Domini, P. G. Pifferi, P. E. Todesco, G. Marconi and B. Samori, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 876 and references cited therein.
50. S. C. Sahu, Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev., 1994, C12, 1.
51. H. F. Stich and W. D. Powrie, Carcinog. Mutag. Environ., 1982, 1, 135.
52. R. H. C. San, Acta Hort., 1987, 207, 21.
53. V. Elangovan, N. Sekar and S. Govindasamy, Cancer Lett., 1994, 87(1), 107.
54. M. G. L. Hertog, P. C. H. Hollman and B. van de Putte, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 1242.
55. J. Gaspar, A. Laires and J. Rueff, Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 1994, 3, Suppl. 2, 13.
56. L. M. Larocca, M. Giustacchini, N. Maggiano, F. O. Ranelletti, M. Piantelli, E. Alcini and A. Capelli, J. Urol., 1994, 152, 1029.
57. L. M. Larocca, L. Teofili, S. Sica, M. Piantelli, N. Maggiano, G. Leone and F. O. Ranelletti, Blood, 1995, 85, 3654.
58. G. Scambia, F. O. Ranelletti, P. Benedetti Panici, G. Bonanno, R. De Vincenzo, M. Piantelli and S. Mancuso, Anticancer Drugs, 1990, 1, 45.
59. H. Kumamoto, Y. Matsubara, Y. Iizuka, K. Okamoto and K. Yokoi, Agric. Biol. Chem., 1986, 50, 781.
60. Y. Matsubara, H. Kumamoto, Y. Iizuka, T. Murakami, K. Okamoto, H. Miyake and K. Yokoi, Agric. Biol. Chem., 1985, 49, 909.
61. M. G. Hertog, E. J. Feskens, P. C. Hollman, M. B. Katan and D. Kromhout, Lancet, 1993, 342, 1007.
62. J. V. Formica and W. Regelson, Food Chem. Toxicol., 1995, 33, 1061.
63. J. Kanner, E. Frankel, R. Granit, B. German and J. E. Kinsella, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 64.
64. K. Herrmann, Z. Lebensm.-Unters. Forsch., 1988, 186, 1.
65. J. Kuhnau, World Rev. Nutr. Diet, 1976, 24, 117.
66. M. G. Hertog, P. C. Hollman, M. B. Katan and D. Kromhout, Nutr. Cancer, 1993, 20(1), 21.
67. Bo Liu, D. Anderson, D. R. Ferry, L. W. Seymour, P. G. de Takats and D. J. Kerr, J. Chromatogr. B, 1995, 666, 149.
68. A. Stafford Helen, Curr. Top. Plant Physiol., 1995,(Phytochemicals and Health), 15.
69. M. Geibel, D. Treutter and W. Feucht, Acta Hortic., 1994, 381, 662.
70. M. Krauze-Baranowska and W. Cisowski, J. Chromatogr., 1994, 675, 240.
71. O. Tzakou, E. Verykokidou and C. Harvala, J. Liq. Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 4463.
72. R. J. Mailer, J. Daun and R. Scarth, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1993, 70, 863.
73. D. L. Jennings and E. Carmichael, New Phytol., 1980, 84, 505.
74. O. M. Andersen, Phytochemistry, 1987, 26, 1220.
75. R. G. Goldy, W. E. Ballinger and E. P. Maness, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 1986, 111, 955.
76. G. Forkmann, Acta Hort., 1994, 381, 121.
77. L. C. Torre and B. H. Barrit, J. Food Sci., 1977, 42, 488.
78. P. Ribereau-Gayon, in Anthocyanins as Food Colours, ed. Markakis, P., Academic Press, New York, 1982, p. 209.
79. J. P. Roggero, S. Coen and J. L. Larice, Bull. Liaison Groupe Polyphenols, 1986, 13, 380.
80. G. M. Sapers, K. B. Hicks, A. M. Burgher, D. L. Hargrave, S. M. Sondey and A. Bilyk, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 1986, 111, 945.
81. E. M. Gaydou, J. P. Bianchini and R. P. Randriamiharisoa, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 525.
82. M. Nishiura, S. Kamiya and S. Esaki, Agric. Biol. Chem., 1971, 35, 1691.
83. K. Robards and M. Antolovich, Analyst, 1995, 120, 1.
84. G. A. Perfetti, F. L. Joe, Jr., T. Fazio and S. W. Page, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1988, 71, 469.
85. F. Konishi, S. Kamiya and S. Esaki, Agric. Biol. Chem., 1983, 47, 1633.
86. H. D. Belitz and H. Wieser, Food Rev. Int., 1985, 1, 271.
87. S. Hasegawa, M. A. Berhow and C. H. Fong, Mod. Methods Plant Anal., 1995, 18, 59.
88. I. J. Colquhoun and B. J. Goodfellow, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1994, 1803.
89. K. J. Siebert, N. V. Troukhanova and P. Y. Lynn, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 80.
90. A. J. Dick and S. L. Bearne, J. Food Biochem., 1988, 12(2), 97.
91. P. D. Lidster, A. J. Dick, A. DeMarco and K. B. McRae, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 1986, 111, 892.
92. V. Lattanzio, A. Cardinali and S. Palmieri, Ital. J. Food Sci., 1994, 6(1), 3.
93. M. J. Amiot, M. Tacchini, S. Aubert and J. Nicolas, J. Food Sci., 1992, 57, 958.
94. G. Hrazdina, Acta Hortic., 1994, 381, 86.
95. W. Heller, Acta Hortic., 1994, 381, 46 and references cited therein.
96. B. Heimhuber, R. Galensa and K. Herrmann, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 439, 481.
97. Y. Nogata, H. Ohta, K.-I. Yoza, M. Berhow and S. Hasegawa, J. Chromatogr., 1994, 667, 59.
98. R. E. Wrolstad, G. A. Spanos and R. W. Durst, Int. Fruchtsaft-Union, Wiss.-Tech. Komm., [Ber], 1990, 21, 103; Chem. Abstr., 1992, 117, 89066f.
99. A. Rommel, R. E. Wrolstad and R. W. Durst, ACS Symp. Ser., 1992, 506, 259; Chem. Abstr., 1993, 118, 79721x.
100. G. A. Spanos and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 1478.
101. B. Fernandez de Simon, J. Perez-Ilzarbe, T. Hernandez, C. Gomez-Cordoves and I. Estrella, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 1531.
102. E. Wollenweber, in Biology and Chemistry of Plant Trichomes, ed. Rodriguez, E., Healey, P. L., and Mehta, I., Plenum Press, New York, 1984, pp. 53–70.
103. B. Fernandez de Simon, J. Perez-Ilzarbe, T. Hernandez, C. Gomez-Cordoves and I. Estrella, Chromatographia, 1990, 30, 35.
104. A. Rommel, R. E. Wrolstad and D. A. Heatherbell, J. Food Sci., 1992, 57, 385.
105. V. Hong and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1986, 69, 199.
106. M. Siddiq, J. F. Arnold, N. K. Sinha and J. N. Cash, J. Food Process. Preserv., 1994, 18(1), 75.
107. P. Markakis, in Anthocyanins as Food Colors, ed. Markakis, P., Academic Press, New York, 1982, pp. 245–253.
108. V. Hong and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 698.
109. N. Ishikura and K. Sugahara, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 1979, 92, 157.
110. L. Gao and G. Mazza, J. Food Sci., 1994, 59, 1057.
111. O. Arakawa, Y. Hori and R. Ogata, Physiol. Plant, 1985, 64, 323.
112. J. D. Faragher, J. Exp. Bot., 1983, 34, 1291.
113. L. M. Withy, T. T. Nguyen, R. E. Wrolstad and D. A. Heatherbell, J. Food Sci., 1993, 58, 190.
114. M. J. Boyles and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Food Sci., 1993, 58, 1135.
115. A. Rommel, D. A. Heatherbell and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Food Sci., 1990, 55, 1011.
116. L. Gao and G. Mazza, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 343.
117. C. W. Nagel and L. W. Wulf, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 1979, 30, 111.
118. E. Hebrero, C. Santos-Buelga and J. C. Rivas-Gonzalo, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 1988, 39, 227.
119. R. M. Lamuela-Raventos and A. L. Waterhouse, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 1994, 45, 1.
120. J. Oszmianski, F. M. Romeyer, J. C. Sapis and J. J. Macheix, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 1986, 37, 7.
121. G. A. Spanos and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 1565.
122. W. Oleszek, M. J. Amiot and S. Y. Aubert, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 1261.
123. G. A. Spanos and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 817.
124. A. J. Dick, P. R. Redden, A. C. DeMarco, P. D. Lidster and T. B. Grindley, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 529.
125. G. A. Spanos, R. E. Wrolstad and D. A. Heatherbell, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 1572.
126. E. Wollenweber, in The Flavonoids: Advances in Research, ed. Harborne, J. B., and Mabry, T. J., Chapman and Hall, London, 1982, ch. 4.
127. W. Henning, Z. Lebensm.-Unters. Forsch., 1981, 173, 180.
128. A. Rommel and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 1941.
129. W. Henning and K. Herrmann, Z. Lebensm.-Unters. Forsch., 1980, 171, 111.
130. W. Henning and K. Herrmann, Z. Lebensm.-Unters. Forsch., 1980, 171, 183.
131. P. S. Jourdan, C. A. McIntosh and R. L. Mansell, Plant Physiol., 1985, 77, 903.
132. R. L. Rouseff, S. F. Martin and C. D. Youtsey, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1987, 35, 1027.
133. R. F. Albach and G. H. Redman, Phytochemistry., 1969, 8, 127.
134. S. Wallrauch, Fluess. Obst., 1995, 62(4), 115 and 120.
135. X. Li, K. Robards, M. Antolovich and S. Boyd, J. Sci. Food Agric., submitted for publication.
136. P. Gamache, E. Ryan and I. N. Acworth, J. Chromatogr. A, 1993, 635, 143.
137. W. C. Ooghe, S. J. Ooghe, C. M. Detavernier and A. Huyghebaert, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 2183.
138. G. Hunt and E. A. Baker, Phytochemistry., 1980, 19, 1415.
139. W. C. Ooghe, S. J. Ooghe, C. M. Detavernier and A. Huyghebaert, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 2191.
140. R. Brouillard and B. Delaporte, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 8461.
141. S. Cliffe, M. S. Fawer, G. Maier, K. Takata and G. Ritter, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 1824.
142. E. van Rensburg and A. H. P. Engelbrecht, J. Food Sci., 1986, 51, 1067.
143. G. L. Park, J. L. Byers, C. M. Pritz, D. B. Nelson, J. L. Navarro, D. C. Smolensky and C. E. Vandercook, J. Food Sci., 1983, 48, 627.
144. A. J. G. Pirie and M. G. Mullins, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 1980, 31, 34.
145. M. L. Gonzalez-sanJose and C. Diez, Food Chem., 1992, 43, 193.
146. V. Schneider, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 1995, 46, 274.
147. T. Swain and J. L. Goldstein, in Methods in Polyphenol Chemistry, ed. Pridham, J. B., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964, pp. 131–146.
148. R. Budino, D. Tonelli and S. Girotti, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1980, 28, 1236.
149. H. F. Askal, G. A. Saleh and E. Y. Backheet, Talanta, 1992, 39, 259.
150. T. J. Mabry, K. R. Markham and M. B. Thomas, The Systematic Identification of Flavonoids, Springer, Berlin, 1970.
151. Z. Nikolovska-Coleska, Lj. Klisarova, Lj. Suturkova and K. Dorevski, Anal. Lett., 1996, 29, 97.
152. K. Hostettmann, B. Domon, D. Schaufelberger and M. Hostettmann, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 283, 137.
153. M. Nishiura, S. Kamiya, S. Esaki and F. Ito, Agric. Biol. Chem., 1971, 35, 1683.
154. D. A. Roston and P. T. Kissinger, Anal. Chem., 1981, 53, 1695.
155. C. Melin, J. Billot and J. F. Dupin, Physiol. Veg., 1979, 17, 573.
156. K. Broennum-Hansen and J. M. Flinck, J. Food Technol., 1986, 21, 605.
157. J. B. Harborne and M. Boardley, Z. Naturforsch., Teil C., 1985, 40, 305.
158. J. R. Ballington, W. E. Ballinger and E. P. Maness, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 1987, 112, 859.
159. L. W. Wulf and C. W. Nagel, Am. J. Enol. Vitic, 1978, 29, 42.
160. J. Bakker and C. F. Thimberlake, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1985, 36, 1315.
161. V. Hong and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 708.
162. P. G. Pifferi and A. Vaccari, J. Food Sci., 1983, 18, 629.
163. R. L. Jackman and J. L. Smith, in Natural Food Colorants, ed. Hendry, G. A. F., and Houghton, J. D., Blackie, Glasgow, 2nd edn., 1996, pp. 244–266.
164. S. V. Ting, R. L. Rouseff, M. H. Dougherty and J. A. Attaway, J. Food Sci., 1979, 44, 69.
165. R. L. Rouseff and S. V. Ting, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 176, 75.
166. R. L. Rouseff, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1988, 71, 798.
167. H. Schnuell, Fluess. Obst., 1990, 57, 28.
168. R. L. Wade, Fluess. Obst., 1992, 59, 62.
169. W. W. Widmer and S. F. Martin, Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc., 1992, 105, 149.
170. J. M. Sendra, J. L. Navarro and L. Izquierdo, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1988, 26, 443.
171. J. J. Mangas, B. Suarez, A. Picinelli, D. Blanco, E. Delage and J. F. Drilleau, Colloq.-Inst. Natl. Rech. Agron., 1995, 69(Polyphenols 94), 473; Chem. Abstr., 1995, 123, 283894p.
172. G. Greiner and S. Wallrauch, Fluess. Obst., 1984, 51, 626.
173. P. P. Mouly, C. R. Arzouyan, E. M. Gaydou and J. M. Estienne, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 70.
174. A. Finger, S. Kuhr and U. H. Engelhardt, J. Chromatogr. A, 1992, 624, 293.
175. W. Oleszek, C. Y. Lee, A. W. Jaworski and K. R. Price, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 430.
176. M. J. Amiot, A. Fleuriet and J. J. Macheix, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1986, 34, 823.
177. P. P. Diaz, T. Arias and P. Joseph-Nathan, Phytochemistry, 1987, 26, 809.
178. V. Cheynier and J. Rigaud, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 1986, 37, 248.
179. U. H. Engelhardt, A. Finger and S. Kuhr, Z. Lebens.-Unters. Forsch., 1993, 197, 239.
180. C. Y. Lee and A. Jaworski, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 1987, 38, 277.
181. R. Li, N. Fang and T. J. Mabry, Phytochemistry, 1988, 27, 1556.
182. R. G. Buttery, G. Takeoka and R. Teranishi, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 2050.
183. A. Rehwald, B. Meier and O. Sticher, Pharm. Acta Helv., 1994, 69(3), 153.
184. A. Rehwald, B. Meier and O. Sticher, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 677, 25.
185. A. A. Franke, L. J. Custer, C. M. Cerna and K. K. Narala, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 1905.
186. M. G. Hertog, P. C. H. Hollman and M. B. Katan, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 2379.
187. A. Rommel and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 1237.
188. J. B. Harborne, in Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Vol. 1, Plant Phenolics, ed. Harborne, J. B., Academic Press, London, 1989, p. 23.
189. K. R. Markham, in Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Vol. 1, Plant Phenolics, ed. Harborne, J. B., Academic Press, London, 1989, p. 232.
190. M. G. L. Hertog, P. C. H. Hollman and D. P. Venema, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 1591.
191. K. Robards, P. R. Haddad and P. E. Jackson, Principles and Practcie of Modern Chromatographic Methods, Academic Press, London, 1995.
192. J. Greenham, C. Williams and J. Harborne, Phytochem. Anal., 1995, 6, 211.
193. F. Drawert, H. Pivernetz, G. Leupold and A. Ziegler, Chem. Mikrobiol. Technol. Lebensm., 1980, 6(5), 131.
194. M. Nishiura, S. Esaki and S. Kamiya, Agric. Biol. Chem., 1969, 33, 1109.
195. M. K. Veldhuis, L. J. Swift and W. Clifford Scott, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1970, 18, 590.
196. D. Earle Coffin, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1971, 19, 513.
197. D. Strack and V. Wray, in Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Vol. 1, Plant Phenolics, ed. Harborne, J. B., Academic Press, London, 1989, pp. 325–356.
198. S. Kamiya, S. Esaki and F. Konishi, Agric. Biol. Chem., 1972, 36, 1461.
199. K. Venkataraman, in The Chemistry of Flavonoid Compounds, ed. Geissman, T. A., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1962, p. 70.
200. H. Schmidtlein and K. Herrmann, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 123, 385.
201. A. Hiermann and F. Bucar, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 675, 276.
202. P. Ficarra, R. Ficarra, D. Costantino, M. Carulli, S. Tommasini, A. De Pasquale and M. L. Calabro, Boll. Chim. Farm., 1994, 133, 221; Chem. Abstr., 1994, 121, 244940q.
203. D. Heimler, J. Chromatogr., 1986, 366, 407.
204. F. Drawert, G. Leupold and H. Pivernetz, Chem. Mikrobiol. Technol. Lebensm., 1980, 6(6), 189.
205. M. Munekazu, S. Matsuura, K. Kurogochi and T. Tanake, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1980, 28, 717.
206. E. M. Gaydou, T. Berahia, J.-C. Waller and J.-P. Bianchini, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 549, 440.
207. E. M. Gaydou, T. Berahia and J.-C. Wallet, in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Groupe Polyphenols, Lisbon, 1992, vol. 16, pp. 87–89.
208. J. & W. Scientific, Sep. Times, 1995, 9(3), 2.
209. L. W. Wulf and C. W. Nagel, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 116, 271.
210. R. L. Rouseff, Trends Fluoresc., 1978, 1, 10.
211. J. P. Bianchini and E. M. Gaydou, J. Chromatogr., 1980, 190, 233.
212. J. P. Bianchini and E. M. Gaydou, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 259, 150.
213. R. Galensa and K. Herrmann, J. Chromatogr., 1980, 189, 217.
214. R. Galensa and K. Herrmann, Dtsch. Lebensm.-Rundsch., 1980, 76, 270.
215. D. J. Daigle and E. J. Conkerton, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 202.
216. A. G. H. Lea, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 238, 253.
217. K. Vande Casteele, H. Geiger and C. F. Van Sumere, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 81.
218. K. Bronnum-Hansen and S. H. Hansen, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 262, 385.
219. A. Baj, E. Bombardelli, B. Gabetta and E. M. Martinelli, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 279, 365.
220. J. B. Harborne and M. Boardley, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 299, 377.
221. O. M. Andersen, J. Food Sci., 1987, 52, 665.
222. D. Treutter, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 490.
223. Ph. Morin, A. Gallois, H. Richard and E. Gaydou, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 171.
224. Ph. Morin and E. M. Gaydou, in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Groupe Polyphenols, Lisbon, 1992, vol. 16, pp. 111–115.
225. M. Krause and R. Galensa, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 588, 41.
226. H. Peleg, M. Naim, R. L. Rouseff and U. Zehavi, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1991, 57, 417.
227. R. L. Rouseff, K. Seetharaman, M. Naim, S. Nagy and U. Zehavi, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 1139.
228. C. S. Creaser, M. R. Koupai-Abyazani and G. R. Stephenson, Analyst, 1992, 117, 1105.
229. G. Mazza and Y. S. Velioglu, Food Chem., 1992, 43, 113.
230. A. Rommel and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 1951.
231. T. J. Schmidt, I. Merfort and U. Matthiesen, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 634, 350.
232. D. Treutter, C. Santos-Buelga, M. Gutmann and H. Koldziej, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 667, 290.
233. P. Mouly, E. M. Gaydou and J. Estienne, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 634, 129.
234. R. M. Lamuela-Raventos and A. L. Waterhouse, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 1994, 45, 1.
235. L. Gao and G. Mazza, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 118.
236. J. A. Del Rio, M. D. Fuster, F. Sabater, I. Porras, A. Garcia-Lidon and A. Ortuno, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 2030.
237. F. Cancalon Paul, Am. Lab. (Shelton, Conn.), 1994, 26(3), 48F, 48H and 48S.
238. B. S. Valles, J. S. Victorero, J. J. M. Alonso and D. B. Gomis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 2732.
239. N. K. Jagota and S. F. Cheatham, J. Liq. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 603.
240. D. J. Daigle and E. J. Conkerton, J. Liq. Chromatogr., 1988, 11, 309.
241. F. A. T. Barberan, F. Tomas, L. Hernandez and F. Ferreres, J. Chromatogr., 1985, 347, 443.
242. G. A. Spanos and R. E. Wrolstad, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1987, 70, 1036.
243. P. G. Pietta, P. L. Mauri, P. Simonetti and G. Testolin, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1995, 352, 788.
244. M. Williams, G. Hrazdina, N. M. Wilkinson, J. G. Sweeny and G. A. Iacobucci, J. Chromatrogr., 1978, 155, 389.
245. T. Monde, T. Kamiusuki, T. Kuroda, K. Mikumo, T. Ohkawa and H. Fukube, J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 722, 273.
246. M. C. Pietrogrande and A. Y. D. Kahie, J. Liq. Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 3655.
247. K. Osmialowski, W. Cisowski and J. Dzikowska, Acta Chromatogr., 1993, No. 2, 65; Chem. Abstr., 1995, 122, 22831m.
248. K. Vande Casteele, H. Geiger, R. de Loose and C. F. Van Sumere, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 259, 291.
249. K. Takeda, J. B. Harborne and R. Self, Phytochemistry, 1986, 25, 1337.
250. J.-P. Goiffon, M. Brun and M.-J. Bourrier, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 537, 101.
251. M. H. Salagoity-Auguste and A. Bertrand, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1984, 35, 1241.
252. F. Siewek, R. Galensa and V. Ara, Ind. Obst-Gemueseverwert., 1985, 70(1), 11; Chem. Abstr., 1985, 102, 183813j.
253. J. F. Fisher, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1978, 267, 1459.
254. R. L. Johnson, A. K. Htoon and K. J. Shaw, Food Aust., 1995, 47, 426.
255. I. Mueller-Harvey and P. M. S. Blackwell, Phytochem. Anal., 1991, 2, 38.
256. R. Brouillard, in The Flavonoids: Advances in Research Since 1980, ed. Harborne, J. B., Chapman and Hall, London, 1988, pp. 525–538.
257. N. W. Preston and C. F. Timberlake, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 214, 222.
258. O. M. Andersen, J. Food Sci., 1985, 50, 1230.
259. G. Achilli, G. P. Cellerino, P. H. Gamache and G. V. Melzi d'Eril, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 632, 111.
260. R. Schuster, Chromatographia, 1980, 13, 379.
261. K. R. Markham, in The Flavonoids: Advances in Research Since 1980, ed. Harborne, J. B., Chapman and Hall, London, 1988, pp. 427–468.
262. R. J. Grayer, in Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Vol. 1, Plant Phenolics, ed. Harborne J. B., Academic Press, London, 1989, pp. 282–323.
263. P. A. Hedin and V. A. Phillips, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 607.
264. G. P. Rizzi and S. S. Boeing, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 551.
265. T. J. Mabry and K. R. Markham, in The Flavonoids, ed. Harborne, J. B., Mabry, T. J., and Mabry, H., Academic Press, New York, 1975, pp. 78–126.
266. H. Itokawa, Y. Oshida, A. Ikuta and Y. Shida, Chem. Lett., 1982, 1, 49.
267. V. Bankova, Al. Dyulgerov, S. Popov and N. Marekov, Z. Naturforsch., Teil C, 1986, 42, 147.
268. A. Baldi, A. Romani, N. Mulinacci, F. F. Vincieri and B. Casetta, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 2104.
269. T. Berahia, E. M. Gaydou, C. Cerrati and J. C. Wallet, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 1697.
270. O. Barbera, J. F. Sanz, J. Sanchez-Parareda and J. A. Marco, Phytochemistry, 1986, 25, 2361.
271. H. Geiger and G. Schwinger, Phytochemistry, 1980, 19, 897.
272. B. Domon and K. Hostettmann, Phytochemistry, 1985, 24, 575.
273. T. Nakanishi, A. Inada, K. Kambayashi and K. Yoneda, Phytochemistry, 1985, 24, 339.
274. R. Gujer, D. Magnolato and R. Self, Phytochemistry, 1986, 25, 1431.
275. M. Hadj-Mahammed and B. Y. Meklati, Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol., 1987, 20, 111.
276. J. F. Garcia and D. Barcelo, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 1993, 16, 633.
277. P. Arpino, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 1990, 9, 631.
278. C. M. Whitehouse, R. N. Dreyer, M. Yamashita and J. B. Fenn, Anal. Chem., 1985, 57, 675.
279. B. Ducrey, J. L. Wolfender, A. Marston and K. Hostettmann, Phytochemistry, 1995, 38, 129.
280. P. Pietta, R. M. Facino, M. Carini and P. Mauri, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 661, 121.
281. Y. Y. Lin, K. J. Ng and S. Yang, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 629, 389.
282. J. L. Wolfender, M. Maillard and K. Hostettmann, Phytochem. Anal., 1994, 5(4), 153.
283. R. G. Bailey, H. E. Nursten and I. McDowell, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1994, 66, 203.
284. R. D. Smith, J. A. Loo, C. G. Edmonds, C. J. Barinaga and H. R. Udseth, Anal. Chem., 1990, 62, 882.
285. A. P. Bruins, Trends Anal. Chem., 1994, 13, 37.
286. A. P. Bruins, Trends Anal. Chem., 1994, 13, 81.
287. J. van der Greef and W. M. A. Niessen, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1992, 118–119, 857.
288. V. Wray and D. Strack, in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Groupe Polyphenols, Lisbon, 1992, vol. 16, pp. 28–38.
289. W. E. Glassgen, H. U. Seitz and J. W. Metzger, Biol. Mass Spectrom., 1992, 21, 271.
290. A. P. Bruins, T. R. Covey and J. D. Henion, Anal. Chem., 1987, 59, 2642.
291. M. A. Aramendia, I. Garcia, F. Lafont and J. M. Marinas, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 9, 503.
292. Q. M. Li, H. van den Heuvel, L. Dillen and M. Claeys, Biol. Mass Spectrom., 1992, 21, 213.
293. Q. M. Li and M. Claeys, Biol. Mass Spectrom., 1994, 23, 406.
294. R. A. Weintraub, B. Ameer, J. V. Johnson and R. A. Yost, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 1966.
295. L. Mondello, P. Dugo, K. D. Bartle, B. Frere and G. Dugo, Chromatographia, 1994, 39, 529.
296. E. Horvath, J. Mink, E. Bottari and M. R. Fest, Talanta, 1995, 42, 979.
297. M. A. Aramendia, I. Garcia, F. Lafont and J. M. Marinas, J. Chromatogr. A., 1995, 707, 327.
298. G. A. Barthe, P. S. Jourdan, C. A. McIntosh and R. L. Mansell, Phytochemistry, 1988, 27, 249.
299. P. S. Jourdan, E. W. Weiler and R. L. Mansell, Plant Physiol., 1985, 77, 896.
300. Y. Yoshiki, K. Okubo, M. Onuma and K. Igarashi, Phytochemistry., 1995, 39, 225.
301. Z. K. Shihabi, T. Kute, L. L. Garcia and M. Hinsdale, J. Chromatogr., 1994, 680, 181.
302. P. F. Cancalon and C. R. Bryan, J. Chromatogr. A, 1993, 652, 555.
303. P. F. Cancalon, LC–GC, 1993, 11, 748 and 750.
304. S. Terabe, K. Otsuka, K. Ichikawa, A. Tsuchiya and T. Ando, Anal. Chem., 1984, 56, 111.
305. S. Terabe, K. Otsuka and T. Ando, Anal. Chem., 1985, 57, 841.
306. F. Ferreres, M. A. Blazquez, M. I. Gil and F. A. Tomas-Barberan, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 669, 268.
307. P. G. Pietta, P. L. Mauri, L. Zini and C. Gardana, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 680, 175.
308. C. Bjergegaard, S. Michaelsen, K. Mortensen and H. Sorensen, J. Chromatogr. A, 1993, 652, 477.
309. M. I. Gil, F. Ferreres and F. A. Tomas-Barberan, J. Liq. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 3007.
310. Ph. Morin, F. Villard and M. Dreux, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 628, 153.
311. P. Pietta, C. Gardana and P. Mauri, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 136.
312. F. A. Tomas-Barberan, Phytochem. Anal., 1995, 6, 177.
313. P. F. Cancalon, Food Technol. (Chicago), 1995, 49(6), 52.