Conversion of the amino-ester (6) into the betaine (7) proceeds at low concentrations partly by way of an intramolecular methyl transfer, whereas the corresponding reaction of the lower homologue (4) is entirely intermolecular; the intramolecular reaction is the first proved example of methyl transfer by an endocyclic nucleophilic substitution.
J. F. King and M. J. McGarrity, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1982, 175 DOI: 10.1039/C39820000175
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