Amorphous nickel sulfide nanosheets with embedded vanadium oxide nanocrystals on nickel foam for efficient electrochemical water oxidation

Abstract

The development of noble-metal-free active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for efficient water electrolysis is in high demand. In this work a novel self-supported hierarchical OER catalyst comprising vanadium oxide (VO/VO₂) nanocrystals embedded in amorphous trinickel disulfide (Ni₃S₂) nanosheets grown on Ni foam (VO_x/Ni₃S₂@NF, 2 > x > 1) is reported. This VO_x/Ni₃S₂@NF demonstrates excellent OER activity and durability in alkaline media. To achieve an OER current density of 100 mA cm⁻², it requires an overpotential of only 358 mV (or 330 mV after 95% iR compensation), which is even much lower than that for commercial RuO₂ catalysts (446 mV). Detailed investigation unveils that the excellent OER performance of VO_x/Ni₃S₂@NF is tightly associated with its rationally combined chemical composition and hierarchical nanostructure; remarkably, the presence of vanadium oxide nanocrystals in the Ni₃S₂ nanosheets boosts the OER activity by strengthening the Ni–O bond. This work opens a new route to the rational synthesis of highly efficient OER electrocatalysts, and may help deepen our understanding of the OER process catalyzed by non-precious metal-based hybrid electrocatalysts.