A Co(OH)x nanolayer integrated planar WO3/Fe2O3 photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

Abstract

Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃), with a suitable bandgap of 2.2 eV, is an ideal photoanode material to convert solar light into hydrogen fuel via photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, poor charge separation efficiency in the bulk and slow oxygen evolution kinetics at the Fe₂O₃/electrolyte interface have restricted its PEC performance to date. Here, we designed and fabricated a nanostructured WO₃/Fe₂O₃ thin film photoanode via an electrospray technique to promote bulk charge separation in Fe₂O₃. A Co(OH)_x nanolayer was further coated onto the surface via a solution-based chemisorption method to improve the oxygen evolution kinetics. We found that the ratio of the deposition amount of WO₃ to Fe₂O₃ and the substrate temperature greatly influenced the PEC performance of the WO₃/Fe₂O₃ photoanode. With an optimal deposition ratio of 1 : 1 and a substrate temperature of 400 °C, the WO₃/Fe₂O₃ photoanode shows a photocurrent of 0.32 mA cm⁻² at 1.23 V_RHE, which is more than 30 times that of pure Fe₂O₃ film. The photocurrent was further increased to 0.62 mA cm⁻² after modification with a Co(OH)_x nanolayer and an obvious cathodic onset potential shift of about 160 mV was observed. The results show that this enhanced photoactivity is attributed to simultaneously improved charge carrier separation efficiency at the WO₃/Fe₂O₃ heterojunction interface and accelerated oxygen evolution kinetics at the surface.