Issue 66, 2019

Investigation of the leaching mechanism of NMC 811 (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) by hydrochloric acid for recycling lithium ion battery cathodes

Abstract

This paper investigates the reactions involved when LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC 811), which is one of the most promising positive electrodes for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries, is leached by hydrochloric acid. This study shows that the leaching behaviour of lithium is quite different than those observed for nickel, cobalt and manganese contained in NMC 811 since lithium dissolution is faster than those observed for nickel, cobalt and manganese. Analysis of leaching kinetic data evidenced that NMC 811 dissolution occurs in two steps. In the first step, NMC is transformed into a new phase which contains less lithium (2.8 < n < 3.6): 1st step: Image ID:c9ra06686a-t1.gif where M = Ni, Mn, Co. In the second step, the new phase is dissolved (limiting step): 2nd step: Image ID:c9ra06686a-t2.gif. Finally, the overall reaction of NMC 811 leaching by hydrochloric acid can be written as: 2LiMO2,(s) + 8HCl(l) ⇌ 2LiCl(l) + 2MCl2,(l) + 4H2O(l) + Cl2,(g).

Graphical abstract: Investigation of the leaching mechanism of NMC 811 (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) by hydrochloric acid for recycling lithium ion battery cathodes

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
24 Aug 2019
Accepted
11 Nov 2019
First published
26 Nov 2019
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2019,9, 38612-38618

Investigation of the leaching mechanism of NMC 811 (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) by hydrochloric acid for recycling lithium ion battery cathodes

W. Xuan, A. Otsuki and A. Chagnes, RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 38612 DOI: 10.1039/C9RA06686A

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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