Direct energy harvesting from starch by hybrid enzymatic and non-enzymatic cascade bioanode

Abstract

A hybrid anode integrating enzymatic hydrolysis of starch by glucoamylase and non-enzymatic oxidation of glucose by gold nanoparticles is presented to achieve an efficient cascade energy conversion from starch. The as-prepared biofuel cell shows a maximum power output of 91.4 μW cm⁻². This enzymatic/non-enzymatic hybrid strategy can be employed to develop other polysaccharide or oligosaccharide fuel cells in which glucose oxidation is involved.