Issue 100, 2015

Improvement of the sodiation/de-sodiation stability of Sn(C) by electrochemically inactive Na2Se

Abstract

Tin forms a series of sodium alloys, some with a large change in volume, sufficient to fracture the sodiated/de-sodiated tin electrodes. In a series of Sn/C and Sn/Se/C electrodes, made similarly by ball milling the elements, the sodiation/de-sodiation cycling stability in the 0.01–1.00 V vs. Na+/Na voltage window, in which the initially formed Na2Se is electrochemically inactive, is best at an Sn : Se atomic ratio of 9 : 2. At this ratio the retained capacity is ∼300 mA h g−1 after 150 cycles at 0.17 A g−1 rate versus only 70 mA h g−1 in the absence of Na2Se. The improvement is attributed to prevention of crystallization of the Na–Sn alloys by the Na2Se.

Graphical abstract: Improvement of the sodiation/de-sodiation stability of Sn(C) by electrochemically inactive Na2Se

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
04 Sep 2015
Accepted
15 Sep 2015
First published
15 Sep 2015

RSC Adv., 2015,5, 82012-82017

Improvement of the sodiation/de-sodiation stability of Sn(C) by electrochemically inactive Na2Se

H. X. Dang, M. L. Meyerson, A. Heller and C. B. Mullins, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 82012 DOI: 10.1039/C5RA18046E

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