Recent advances in surface/interface engineering of noble-metal free catalysts for energy conversion reactions

Abstract

This article reviews recent advances in characterization techniques and material development strategies for the surface/interface engineering of energy conversion catalysts, with an emphasis on surface defect engineering, surface crystalline property modulation, surface microstructure tailoring and heterointerface construction. The material development strategies and their influences on the performance of the catalysts in energy conversion reactions are discussed in depth with representative examples. Finally, a summary of the review and perspectives on future developments together with ongoing challenges in this promising area are provided.