Biobased bismaleimide resins with high renewable carbon content, heat resistance and flame retardancy via a multi-functional phosphate from clove oil

Abstract

To achieve sustainable development, it is important to keep a green consideration from the raw material source to the whole production process of developing biobased high performance thermosetting resins. Herein, a multi-functional phosphate (TAMPP) was synthesized from renewable eugenol through aqueous-phase synthesis, of which the renewable carbon content is as high as 100%. TAMPP was used to partly or totally replace petroleum-based 2,2′-diallylbisphenol A (DBA) for modifying 4,4′-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM), and then four bismaleimide (BMI) resins (BDTP or BTP) were developed. Compared with traditional DBA modified BDM resin (BD), BTP has better integrated properties including a higher renewable carbon content (45.0%), an approximately 70 °C higher glass transition temperature (T_g > 380 °C), excellent flame retardancy and good mechanical properties. These outstanding performances of BTP resin prove that the method proposed here is a sustainable and effective method to prepare a multi-functional biobased phosphate and high performance thermosetting resins for cutting-edge industries.