Ultrafast studies of the excited-state dynamics of copper and nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonates: potential sensitizers for the two-photon photodynamic therapy of tumors

Abstract

In order to evaluate the potential of copper and nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonates as sensitizers for two-photon photodynamic therapy, we conducted kinetic femtosecond measurements of transient absorption and bleaching of their excited state dynamics in aqueous solution. Samples were pumped with 620 nm and 310 nm laser light, which allowed us to study relaxation processes from both the first and second singlet (or doublet for the copper phthalocyanine) excited states. A second excitation from the first excited triplet state, approximately 685 and 105 ps after the first excitation for copper and nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate respectively, was the most efficient way to bring the molecules to an upper triplet state. Presumably this highest triplet state can inflict molecular damage on adjacent biomolecules in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the desired cytotoxic cellular response. Transient absorption spectra at different fixed delays indicate that optimum efficiency would require that the second photon has a wavelength of approximately 750 nm.