Microwave-assisted four-component, one-pot condensation reaction: an efficient synthesis of annulated pyridines

Abstract

A one-pot, effective synthesis of pyridines by a modified Kröhnke procedure is described. Polysubstituted annulated pyridines were synthesized in high yields by four-component, one-pot cyclocondensation reactions of N-phenacylpyridinium bromide, aromatic aldehydes, acetophenones or cyclic ketones in the presence of ammonium acetate and acetic acid, assisted by microwave irradiation. In this procedure, cyclic ketones with two α-CH₂ groups yield annulated pyridines with additional α-benzylidene groups, which are derived in situ from double aldol condensation of cyclic ketones with two moles of aromatic aldehydes.