Soft-template assisted synthesis of hexagonal antimonene and bismuthene in colloidal solutions

Abstract

Monoelemental two-dimensional (2D) group-VA materials have received increasing interest due to their great potential in optoelectronic applications. Despite numerous efforts have been made for their syntheses, the development of effective and better controllable synthetic approaches for the preparation of monoelemental 2D group-VA materials is still in its infancy. In this work, we report a soft-template approach for the synthesis of multilayered antimonene and bismuthene nanosheets in colloidal solutions. We show that the prepared antimonene and bismuthene nanosheets possess a well-defined rhombohedral crystal structure with impressive stability. We elucidate a formation pathway for the 2D nanosheets with small-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. We demonstrate that SbCl₃ dissolves in alkyl phosphonic acids to form a lamellar structure initially, which is apt for the formation of the final 2D morphology. The present study introduces a general route to synthesizing monoelemental 2D group-VA materials in colloidal solutions and gives a deeper insight into their growth mechanism.