Ultrafast assembly of nanoparticles to form smart polymeric photonic crystal films: a new platform for quick detection of solution compositions

Abstract

Photonic crystals (PCs) are an important subset of photonic materials with specific optical properties, which can be utilized for structural color printing, anti-counterfeiting technologies, chemical sensors and so on. However, the fabrication of scalable, high-quality and uniform photonic crystal films at room temperature still remains a big challenge. Herein, a fast, energy efficient and scalable process is reported for the first time. A high-quality polymeric photonic crystal film can be fabricated from the uniform core/shell particle slurry within several seconds by a calendering process. The obtained crystalline structure can be rapidly captured by photo-curing, and the resultant PC films show extremely strong iridescent tunable structural colors. Because the as-designed PC film matrix is sensitive to solutions with different solubility parameters, a prototype demo sensor is firstly set up for quick detection of the composition of the alcohol/H₂O mixture as a model of white spirits, which has the feature of reversible and linear quantitative sensing performance. In addition, the as-prepared PC film is further developed as an inexpensive test strip showing quick detection of ethanol/octane mixtures (possessing different solubility parameters) as a model of ethanol gasoline. This facile, scalable and energy efficient fabrication procedure is exceedingly promising for high-throughput production, showing great potential for industrialization of PC sensors and detectors. The combination of uniform particles and a dispersion medium can be potentially designed for different stimuli responsive systems, which is beneficial for applications ranging from sensing, anti-counterfeiting, to some special optical devices.