Facile synthesis of Cu and Cu@Cu–Ni nanocubes and nanowires in hydrophobic solution in the presence of nickel and chloride ions

Abstract

A highly shape selective synthesis of Cu and Cu@Cu–Ni nanocubes and nanowires has been developed by modulating the coordination chemistry of transition metal ions with a trioctylphosphine (TOP)–Cl⁻ ligand pair in oleylamine under mild organic solvent conditions. The as-prepared nanocubes have a face-centered cubic (fcc) phase and are covered by six {100} facets, whereas the as-prepared nanowires have a multi-twinned structure and grow along the [110] direction. Both the Ni²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, along with TOP, play vital roles in determining the final morphology of the as-prepared nanocrystals (NCs). TOP can be used to selectively generate single-crystal seeds at the initial stage, which then grow into nanocubes in the presence of Cl⁻ ions, while the absence of TOP leads to the formation of multi-twined crystal seeds that finally develop into nanowires. Moreover, Ni can be incorporated to form a Cu–Ni alloy shell over a Cu core at higher temperatures in a one-pot process, which makes diamagnetic Cu NCs magnetically responsive and has a significant influence on their optical properties.