Controlled synthesis of magnetic iron oxides@SnO2 quasi-hollow core–shell heterostructures: formation mechanism, and enhanced photocatalytic activity

Abstract

Iron oxide/SnO₂ magnetic semiconductor core–shell heterostructures with high purity were synthesized by a low-cost, surfactant-free and environmentally friendly hydrothermal strategy via a seed-mediated method. The morphology and structure of the hybrid nanostructures were characterized by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The morphology evolution investigations reveal that the Kirkendall effect directs the diffusion and causes the formation of iron oxide/SnO₂ quasi-hollow particles. Significantly, the as-obtained iron oxides/SnO₂ core–shell heterostructures exhibited enhanced visible light or UV photocatalytic abilities, remarkably superior to as-used α-Fe₂O₃ seeds and commercial SnO₂ products, mainly owing to the effective electron hole separation at the iron oxides/SnO₂ interfaces.