A new fluorescent hemicryptophane for acetylcholine recognition with an unusual recognition mode

Abstract

A new off–on fluorescent hemicryptophane probe for acetylcholine has been designed. This hemicryptophane, made fluorescent via an extension of the conjugation of its cyclotriveratrylene C₃-symmetry part, exhibits improved fluorescence properties compared with fluorescent hemicryptophanes previously described. Indeed, both the excitation and emission wavelengths are red-shifted and the quantum yield is increased. Moreover, this hemicryptophane is able to bind acetylcholine with a high association constant of 3.2 × 10⁴ M⁻¹. This recognition process is accompanied by an increase in the brightness of the capsule. Surprisingly, contrary to what is commonly observed with cyclotriveratrylene-based hosts, the quaternary ammonium of the guest interacts with the tris(2-aminoethyl)amine south part of the hemicryptophane instead of the cyclotriveratrylene north part. This unusual binding mode is supported by both proton NMR experiments and density functional theory calculations.