A novel electrochemical epinine sensor using amplified CuO nanoparticles and a n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate electrode

Abstract

This study suggests a carbon paste electrode modified with CuO nanoparticles and n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF₆) as a powerful tool for the analysis of epinine for the first time. It has been confirmed that CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF₆ can improve the sensitivity of epinine electro-oxidation and reduce the overvoltage of this drug compared to an unmodified electrode. The CuO nanoparticles are characterized by XRD and TEM methods. The CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF₆ exhibited a detection limit of 0.2 μM and a dynamic range of 0.7–900 μM for analysis of epinine by the square wave voltammetric method. Epinine determination was performed successfully by CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF₆ in serum and urine samples.