Novel multi-layer cross-linked TiO2/C nanosheets and their photocatalytic properties

Abstract

Novel TiO₂/C nanosheets were synthesized based on the sol–gel method, with the assistance of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF₄]), polymerization of aniline and carbonization. The physicochemical properties of the TiO₂/C were characterized by SEM, TEM, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption techniques, and UV-vis absorption spectra. The nanosheets have a unique, multi-layer, cross-linked structure with holes. An enhanced absorption capacity of the TiO₂/C in the range of 200–800 nm is shown, and the absorption region is extended to the near infrared region. The TiO₂/C nanosheets show an amazing photocatalytic capacity, under both UV and sunlight, due to C-doping, as well as a unique morphology, structure and mixed phases of anatase and rutile, with high crystallization.