4-Amino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate salts—highly insensitive energetic materials

Abstract

Energetic salts based on the 4-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate anion and selected nitrogen-rich cations were prepared in high yield by neutralization or metathesis reactions. Their key properties of the resulting energetic salts, such as melting point, thermal stability (169–303 °C), density (1.54–1.84 g cm⁻³), impact sensitivity (>60 J), heat of formation, and detonation pressure (20.99–32.55 GPa) and velocity (7712–8751 m s⁻¹), were measured or calculated. As highly insensitive energetic materials, salts 9 (32.55 GPa, 8743 m s⁻¹) and 11 (28.85 GPa, 8751 m s⁻¹) are comparable with 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB, 31.15 GPa and 8114 m s⁻¹).