Atomization efficiencies of bismuth, lead, manganese, chromium and gallium under stabilized temperature platform furnace conditions
Abstract
The efficiency was evaluated of a Perkin-Elmer HGA-400 atomizer operated under stabilized temperature platform furnace conditions for the atomization of a series of elements, covering a range of analyte volatilities. The proportionality factor p, which relates the number of absorbing atoms to the measured absorbance, was found to be almost constant for Bi, Pb, Mn, Ga and Cr, over the temperature intervals studied. The influence of palladium as modifier was examined. In some cases, the use of a modifier resulted in higher atomization efficiencies. For lead and bismuth, similar experimental and calculated atomization efficiencies were found. But the experimental atomization efficiencies of gallium, manganese and chromium were lower than the calculated atomization efficiencies. Lead and bismuth had temperature independent atomization efficiencies with palladium, and whether palladium was used or not, atomization efficiencies for manganese, gallium and chromium were temperature dependent.