Molecular polarisability. The effect of para-substituents in aniline

Abstract

Molar Kerr constants are reported for five para-substituted anilines p-X·C₆H₄·NH₂ at infinite dilution in non-polar media, where X = Me, F, and Cl (in C₆H₆ and C₆H₁₂), Br (in C₆H₆), and NO₂(in C₆H₆ and dioxan). Dipole-moment determinations are made also for p-toluidine, and p-fluoro- and p-chloro-aniline in cyclohexane and for p-fluoroaniline in benzene. The experimental results are analysed to provide information on the polarity and polarisability changes brought about by the introduction of +M and –M substituents in the para-position in aniline.