Issue 6, 2015

Potassium modified layered Ln2O2CO3 (Ln: La, Nd, Sm, Eu) materials: efficient and stable heterogeneous catalysts for biofuel production

Abstract

Potassium modified layered Ln2O2CO3 (Ln: La, Nd, Sm, Eu) biodiesel catalysts were prepared by a coprecipitation method followed by an overnight reflux. A high fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield (>95%) was achieved under mild reaction conditions (<100 °C). The FAME yields were investigated as a function of temperature and catalyst weight percentage. Nd2O2CO3 shows a better catalytic performance with a higher reaction rate than the industrial homogeneous KOH catalyst using both microwave irradiation and conventional heating methods. Approximately 100% FAME yield can be reached at 95 °C (microwave radiation) by 1.0 wt% Nd2O2CO3 within 10 min, while the same yield can be reached by 3.0 wt% Nd2O2CO3 at 95 °C (conventional heating method). In addition, leaching tests of the catalysts were performed; no leached rare earth metal ions were detected and the amounts of leached potassium were all under 5 ppm (ASTM standard). The synthesized layered Ln2O2CO3 materials offer a group of ideal alternative catalysts for industrial biodiesel production.

Graphical abstract: Potassium modified layered Ln2O2CO3 (Ln: La, Nd, Sm, Eu) materials: efficient and stable heterogeneous catalysts for biofuel production

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
11 Dec 2014
Accepted
02 May 2015
First published
05 May 2015

Green Chem., 2015,17, 3600-3608

Author version available

Potassium modified layered Ln2O2CO3 (Ln: La, Nd, Sm, Eu) materials: efficient and stable heterogeneous catalysts for biofuel production

Y. Zhang, L. Jin, K. Sterling, Z. Luo, T. Jiang, R. Miao, C. Guild and S. L. Suib, Green Chem., 2015, 17, 3600 DOI: 10.1039/C4GC02429J

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